Ultrasonic anemometer reading

The void processData is just something that isn't working yet.

Isn't working? Or, isn't called?

I'm not sure why you feel it necessary to print data each time you read a new character. data is not properly NULL terminated unless a carriage return arrives, so most of the time, data is not a valid array to pass to a function that expects a string (a NULL terminated array of chars).

You need to add

data[index] = '\0';

after

      data[index] = dataStream;
      index++;

dataStream is a lousy name for something that is not a stream, by the way.

Finally, strtok_r() is the thread-safe, and far more complex, version of strtok(). Since the Arduino is not multi-threaded, the advantages of using a thread-safe function escape me, while the disadvantages are obvious - larger code and far more variables to keep track of.