Can someone tell me if there is a list of the chips that the Arduino Uno r3 can program. I have seen many topics of programming Atmega328 and the Attiny45, Attiny85 etc. but I am wondering if you can program chips such as the 555 and AT89c2051-24pu. Also is it possible to read the programming on one of these chips and copy it to another blank chip. Thank you in advance.
The Arduino as ISP sketch can be used to program any AVR that can be programmed via SPI.
Consult the External Programming or Memory Programming section of the datasheet for the appropriate part to determine if it can be used. Basically anything in the ATMEGA and ATTINY lines is a safe bet with Arduino as ISP, with the exception of the really low-end ATTiny chips with less than 8 pins. Non AVR chips even if they can be programmed via SPI will require a different protocol. Some AVR chips that can be programmed will need entries added to avrdude.conf if using avrdude to upload, which is what the Arduino ide uses (in my core, I have to supply my own avrdude.conf to make some of the supported chips work with avrdude)
For other microcontrollers, the Uno or other '328p-based board could probably be used, but you'd need to find or write code to do that programming; such code is non-trivial to write.
The 555 is not a microcontroller, and isn't programmable at all.
You can program anything you can write the interface for - most programmable parts will have the needed info in their datasheet.
I don't believe a 555 time has anything programmable in it, it's all set up with external Rs & Cs.
Nick Gammon's programmer from file on SD card can program a bunch of stuff I believe:
// see Atmega datasheets
const signatureType signatures [] PROGMEM =
{
// signature description flash size bootloader flash fuse
// size page to
// size change
// Attiny84 family
{ { 0x1E, 0x91, 0x0B }, "ATtiny24", 2 * kb, 0, 32, NO_FUSE },
{ { 0x1E, 0x92, 0x07 }, "ATtiny44", 4 * kb, 0, 64, NO_FUSE },
{ { 0x1E, 0x93, 0x0C }, "ATtiny84", 8 * kb, 0, 64, NO_FUSE },
// Attiny85 family
{ { 0x1E, 0x91, 0x08 }, "ATtiny25", 2 * kb, 0, 32, NO_FUSE },
{ { 0x1E, 0x92, 0x06 }, "ATtiny45", 4 * kb, 0, 64, NO_FUSE },
{ { 0x1E, 0x93, 0x0B }, "ATtiny85", 8 * kb, 0, 64, NO_FUSE },
// Atmega328 family
{ { 0x1E, 0x92, 0x0A }, "ATmega48PA", 4 * kb, 0, 64, NO_FUSE },
{ { 0x1E, 0x93, 0x0F }, "ATmega88PA", 8 * kb, 256, 128, extFuse },
{ { 0x1E, 0x94, 0x0B }, "ATmega168PA", 16 * kb, 256, 128, extFuse },
{ { 0x1E, 0x95, 0x0F }, "ATmega328P", 32 * kb, 512, 128, highFuse },
// Atmega644 family
{ { 0x1E, 0x94, 0x0A }, "ATmega164P", 16 * kb, 256, 128, highFuse },
{ { 0x1E, 0x95, 0x08 }, "ATmega324P", 32 * kb, 512, 128, highFuse },
{ { 0x1E, 0x96, 0x0A }, "ATmega644P", 64 * kb, 1 * kb, 256, highFuse },
// Atmega2560 family
{ { 0x1E, 0x96, 0x08 }, "ATmega640", 64 * kb, 1 * kb, 256, highFuse },
{ { 0x1E, 0x97, 0x03 }, "ATmega1280", 128 * kb, 1 * kb, 256, highFuse },
{ { 0x1E, 0x97, 0x04 }, "ATmega1281", 128 * kb, 1 * kb, 256, highFuse },
{ { 0x1E, 0x98, 0x01 }, "ATmega2560", 256 * kb, 1 * kb, 256, highFuse },
{ { 0x1E, 0x98, 0x02 }, "ATmega2561", 256 * kb, 1 * kb, 256, highFuse },
// AT90USB family
{ { 0x1E, 0x93, 0x82 }, "At90USB82", 8 * kb, 512, 128, highFuse },
{ { 0x1E, 0x94, 0x82 }, "At90USB162", 16 * kb, 512, 128, highFuse },
// Atmega32U2 family
{ { 0x1E, 0x93, 0x89 }, "ATmega8U2", 8 * kb, 512, 128, highFuse },
{ { 0x1E, 0x94, 0x89 }, "ATmega16U2", 16 * kb, 512, 128, highFuse },
{ { 0x1E, 0x95, 0x8A }, "ATmega32U2", 32 * kb, 512, 128, highFuse },
// Atmega32U4 family - (datasheet is wrong about flash page size being 128 words)
{ { 0x1E, 0x94, 0x88 }, "ATmega16U4", 16 * kb, 512, 128, highFuse },
{ { 0x1E, 0x95, 0x87 }, "ATmega32U4", 32 * kb, 512, 128, highFuse },
// ATmega1284P family
{ { 0x1E, 0x97, 0x05 }, "ATmega1284P", 128 * kb, 1 * kb, 256, highFuse },
// ATtiny4313 family
{ { 0x1E, 0x91, 0x0A }, "ATtiny2313A", 2 * kb, 0, 32, NO_FUSE },
{ { 0x1E, 0x92, 0x0D }, "ATtiny4313", 4 * kb, 0, 64, NO_FUSE },
// ATtiny13 family
{ { 0x1E, 0x90, 0x07 }, "ATtiny13A", 1 * kb, 0, 32, NO_FUSE },
// Atmega8A family
{ { 0x1E, 0x93, 0x07 }, "ATmega8A", 8 * kb, 256, 64, highFuse, true },
// ATmega64rfr2 family
{ { 0x1E, 0xA6, 0x02 }, "ATmega64rfr2", 256 * kb, 1 * kb, 256, highFuse },
{ { 0x1E, 0xA7, 0x02 }, "ATmega128rfr2", 256 * kb, 1 * kb, 256, highFuse },
{ { 0x1E, 0xA8, 0x02 }, "ATmega256rfr2", 256 * kb, 1 * kb, 256, highFuse },
}; // end of signatures
and runs on my card, shown here with a Duemilanove:
http://www.crossroadsfencing.com/BobuinoRev17/
