Update WiFi configuration without using Arduino IDE

There are several possibilities. Surely you can store the configuration in the EEPROM from where your sketch will read it at startup. But you'll need a way to store it there if you're moving to a new location. You have a lot of possibilities, a keypad with LCD, using the USB connection, using a serial connection, using a Bluetooth connection and so on. It really depends on what hardware you have connected to your Arduino or what kind of user interaction you have in mind.