Upload sketch without USB

WDTO_15MS is in avr/wdt.h

but you don't have RS485 on PC. so you would have to transfer the hex file to RasPI and there use avrdude to upload over RS485.

the old bootloader is not compatible with watchdog.

do your RS485 modules have automatic TX EN or the sketch must activate TX EN to allow sending over RS485? because that would be complication