I am attempting to connect an Arduino Yun to an iPhone, so that when the Yun leaves the proximity of the iPhone (about 30ft ish) an alarm is triggered on the Yun.
I have found a sensor TL851CN, Proximity Sensor 35ft, 4.5 to 6.8V, 16-Pin PDIP, but it's out of stock until september.
Is this something that could potentially be controlled by the GPS function on an iPhone?
TL851CN, Proximity Sensor 35ft, 4.5 to 6.8V, 16-Pin PDIP
This isn't a proximity sensor its an ultrasonic range ringer IC. It is of no use in this circumstance as it can't distinguish between the iPhone and any other objects within range.
Proximity detection like this has been discussed numerous times on this forum before, and basically its not possible with standard hardware.
The only thing I can think that may work in this instance is bluetooth goes out of range.
However as your chosen device, the iPhone is a closed platform, you'd need to have a newer version (iPhone 4S or newer) that supported Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
In which case you could probably pair with the phone and wait for the pair to be broken (you'd need to check if bluetooth will report this)
Another alternative could be wifi, but again you'd need custom hardware.