-Is this project even feasible in the time frame that I have?
Yes, depending on time, materials availability, funds, and experience.
-Could you recommend a programming language that I could use to accomplish this?
Anything you have, pretty much. (Assuming you mean on the computer side.) Visual Studio Express is free, for Windows. On Linux, anything supported by gcc, or perl, or python would be fine. A month to learn to program would take some dedication on your part, but if you're inclined and work your butt off, you can do it.
-Can you give me any advice about how to go about doing this?
One step at a time. Have an Arduino? Get the sensors responding to light first. There are tons of tutorials on this. Next, get your computer and Arduino talking via serial. Then, put the two together.