If I have a sensor with an output range between 10mV and 20mV, I understand that the 10bit ADC of an Arduino Uno would not suffice. However, would it be possible to simply amplify this output from the sensor? Example, using an instrumentation amplifier?
I have seen a few projects where people choose to use an external analog to digital converter (such as the ADS1115). I understand that this increases the number of available bits, hence the resolution. However, how would this be better than simply using an amplifier?
The ADS1115 is not only a 16 bit conversion but also offers programmable gain and differential input.
The data sheet:
Henery's bench Arduino tutorial:
There is also a wide range of modules available for amplifying sensor outputs. Yes, IAs (Instrumentation Amplifiers) are popular in this application. Just make sure you have a circuit layout that is not prone to picking up stray noise since if you amplify a noisy low level signal the noise is amplified right along with the signal resulting in a large noisy signal. There are several pre assembled modules available which can be used. They work and are inexpensive. The HX711 comes to mind.