Using I2C with Arduino Due and AD7150

Pullup resistors of 1k is too low. Start with 10k from SDA to 3.3V and from SCL to 3.3V.

Start with the I2C Scanner: Arduino Playground - I2cScanner.
It returns a hexadecimal number, use that number as the I2C address in the sketch.

If the I2C Scanner does not find the chip, then perhaps it is wrong connected.

If the I2C Scanner does find the chip, then you can try to read data, for example the chip ID.

void loop()
{
  Wire.beginTransmission( 0x??);   // use the address found with the I2C Scanner
  Wire.write( 23);    // set register pointer to Chip ID
  Wire.endTransmission();

  Wire.requestFrom( 0x??, 1);   // use the address found with the I2C Scanner
  int data = Wire.read();

  Serial.print( "The Chip ID is: 0x");
  Serial.println( data, HEX);

  delay( 1000);
}

The I2C bus is a bus with two wires plus GND. The wires are called SDA (serial data) and SCL (serial clock). You need to connect both for a working I2C bus (connect SDA to SDA and SCL to SCL and GND to GND). Both the Arduino and the sensor can do things with the SDA and SCL signals, the signals go in both directions.
In the sketch, you can read a register from the sensor.