Using namespace to separate two "functions" in one ino file

mjholten · June 10, 2021, 4:19pm

I am trying to use namespace to isolate two "functions" in one ino file. I am using namespace because there appears to be a conflict between "bluefruit.h" and <Adafruit_CircuitPlayground.h>. This seems to work, however I have three variables in the first function: BLEDfu, BLEDis, and BLEUart that are throwing errors when I try to use these variables in the body of the first namespace. FYI - when I move these variables inside of my Setup() routine, the variable no longer throw the errors but now the scope of these variables is inside the Setup() routine. I have copied the error messages after the code.

</>
namespace BLE_sketch
{
#include <bluefruit.h>

#define MAX_PRPH_CONNECTION 1
uint8_t connection_count = 0;

Blockquote - here are the three variables in question

// BLE Service
BLEDfu bledfu; // OTA DFU service
BLEDis bledis; // device information
BLEUart bleuart;

Blockquote

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
Bluefruit.autoConnLed(true);

// Initialize Bluefruit with max concurrent connections as Peripheral = 1, Central = 0
Bluefruit.begin(MAX_PRPH_CONNECTION, 0);
Bluefruit.setTxPower(4); // Check bluefruit.h for supported values
Bluefruit.setName("Bluefruit52");

void connect_callback(uint16_t conn_handle);
Bluefruit.Periph.setConnectCallback(connect_callback);
void disconnect_callback(uint16_t conn_handle, uint8_t reason);
Bluefruit.Periph.setDisconnectCallback(disconnect_callback);

bledfu.begin();

// Configure and Start Device Information Service
bledis.setManufacturer("Adafruit Industries");
bledis.setModel("Bluefruit Feather52");
bledis.begin();

// Configure and Start BLE Uart Service
bleuart.begin();

// Set up and start advertising
void startAdv();
startAdv();
}

void startAdv(void)
{
// Advertising packet
Bluefruit.Advertising.addFlags(BLE_GAP_ADV_FLAGS_LE_ONLY_GENERAL_DISC_MODE);
Bluefruit.Advertising.addTxPower();

// Include bleuart 128-bit uuid
Bluefruit.Advertising.addService(bleuart);

// Secondary Scan Response packet (optional)
// Since there is no room for 'Name' in Advertising packet
Bluefruit.ScanResponse.addName();

// Start Advertising

Bluefruit.Advertising.restartOnDisconnect(true);
Bluefruit.Advertising.setInterval(32, 244); // in unit of 0.625 ms
Bluefruit.Advertising.setFastTimeout(30); // number of seconds in fast mode
Bluefruit.Advertising.start(0); // 0 = Don't stop advertising after n seconds
}

// print a string to Serial Uart and BLE Uart
void printAll(uint8_t* buf, int count)
{
if (Serial)
Serial.write(buf, count);

// Send to all connected centrals
for (uint8_t conn_hdl = 0; conn_hdl < MAX_PRPH_CONNECTION; conn_hdl++)
{
bleuart.write(conn_hdl, buf, count);
}
}

void loop()
{
uint8_t buf[64];
int count;

// Forward data from HW Serial to BLEUART
if (Serial)
while (Serial.available())
{
// Delay to wait for enough input
delay(2);
count = Serial.readBytes(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);

  printAll(buf, count);
}

// Forward from BLEUART to HW Serial
while ( bleuart.available() )
{
count = bleuart.read(buf, sizeof(buf));
printAll(buf, count);

}
}

// callback invoked when central connects
void connect_callback(uint16_t conn_handle)
{
// Get the reference to current connection
BLEConnection* connection = Bluefruit.Connection(conn_handle);

char central_name[32] = { 0 };
connection->getPeerName(central_name, sizeof(central_name));

Serial.print("Connected to ");
Serial.print(central_name);
Serial.println(" : bleuart_multi");
Serial.println("9,10");

connection_count++;
Serial.print("Connection count: ");
Serial.println(connection_count);

// Keep advertising if not reaching max
if (connection_count < MAX_PRPH_CONNECTION)
{
Serial.println("Keep advertising");
Bluefruit.Advertising.start(0);
}
} // connect_callback

void disconnect_callback(uint16_t conn_handle, uint8_t reason)
{
(void) conn_handle;
(void) reason;

connection_count--;
}
} //End of namespace BLE_sketch

namespace CircuitLED
{
#include <Adafruit_CircuitPlayground.h>

int BoardON = 0; // if on (1) normal routine is running. If off (0) then only the accelerameter
// is being checked. As soon as it returns a (1), process full routine.
// If accelerometer returns 2 or three, turn routine off (set BoardON to 0).
int Acc_input = 0;
//int i = 0;
void AccInterrupt(void);
unsigned long clock_1, clock_2; // These are used to determine of the Accelerometer has been tapped within 1 second to pause the circleLED processes
int minAngle; // minimum angle for this session
int maxAngle; // maximim angle for this session
int alertVisual; // Visual alert setting - 0 = none, 1 = pattern 1, 2 pattern 3
int alertAudio; // 1 = visual, 2 = sound, 3= visual and sound
double PlayNote[10] = {440, 493.88, 523.25, 587.33, 659.26, 698.46, 783.99, 880, 987.77, 1046.5};

void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
CircuitPlayground.begin();
Serial.begin(9600);
CircuitPlayground.setBrightness(3);
CircuitPlayground.setPixelColor(1, 0, 0, 0);
delay(1000);
CircuitPlayground.setPixelColor(0, 0, 0, 0);
delay(1000);
Serial.println("LED Test");

clock_1 = 0;
clock_2 = 0;
CircuitPlayground.setAccelRange(LIS3DH_RANGE_4_G);
attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(27), AccInterrupt, RISING);
CircuitPlayground.setAccelTap(1, 100);
}

void loop() {
int rate = 100;

int AND_Request(void);
int bnum = (int)AND_Request();

void circleLED(int, int, int, int, int);

circleLED(bnum, rate, 125, 0, 0);
circleLED(2, rate, 125, 0, 0);
circleLED(3, rate, 125, 0, 0);
circleLED(4, rate, 125, 0, 0);

}

void circleLED(int d, int rate, int r, int g, int b)
{
int lednum = 0;

if (BoardON == 1)

switch (d) {
  case 1:
    if (BoardON == 1)
      //circle the leds displaying each pixel individually
      for (lednum = 0; lednum < 10; lednum++)
      {
        if (lednum != 0)
          CircuitPlayground.setPixelColor(lednum - 1, 0, 0, 0);
        CircuitPlayground.setPixelColor(lednum, r, g, b);
        CircuitPlayground.playTone(PlayNote[lednum], 50);
        delay(rate);
      }
    break;

}

if (!BoardON)
CircuitPlayground.clearPixels();
}

void AccInterrupt()
{

const unsigned long period = 1000;

if (!BoardON) // If the board is off...
{
clock_1 = clock_2 = 0; // Reset the clocks
BoardON = 1; // turn it on
}
else
// Board is on
if (clock_1) // Already have single hit
{
clock_2 = millis();
if ((clock_2 - clock_1) > period) // was there more than 1 second between taps?
{ clock_1 = clock_2; // make clock_1 = new reading: clock_2
clock_2 = 0; // leave the process running
}
else
{
BoardON = 0; // Turn processes off
CircuitPlayground.clearPixels();// Turn off all the lights
}
}
else
clock_1 = millis();
return;
}
} // End of namespace

</> Error:
Arduino: 1.8.13 (Windows 10), Board: "Adafruit Circuit Playground Bluefruit, 0.3.2 SoftDevice s140 6.1.1, Level 0 (Release)"

c:/users/mjhol/appdata/local/arduino15/packages/adafruit/tools/arm-none-eabi-gcc/9-2019q4/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: sketch\BLE_LE_partner_sketch_V2.ino.cpp.o: in function `__static_initialization_and_destruction_0':

C:\Users\mjhol\Documents\Arduino\BLE_LE_partner_sketch_V2/BLE_LE_partner_sketch_V2.ino:10: undefined reference to `BLE_sketch::BLEDfu::BLEDfu()'

c:/users/mjhol/appdata/local/arduino15/packages/adafruit/tools/arm-none-eabi-gcc/9-2019q4/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\mjhol\Documents\Arduino\BLE_LE_partner_sketch_V2/BLE_LE_partner_sketch_V2.ino:11: undefined reference to `BLE_sketch::BLEDis::BLEDis()'

c:/users/mjhol/appdata/local/arduino15/packages/adafruit/tools/arm-none-eabi-gcc/9-2019q4/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\mjhol\Documents\Arduino\BLE_LE_partner_sketch_V2/BLE_LE_partner_sketch_V2.ino:12: undefined reference to `BLE_sketch::BLEUart::BLEUart(unsigned short)'

c:/users/mjhol/appdata/local/arduino15/packages/adafruit/tools/arm-none-eabi-gcc/9-2019q4/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\mjhol\Documents\Arduino\BLE_LE_partner_sketch_V2/BLE_LE_partner_sketch_V2.ino:12: undefined reference to `BLE_sketch::BLEUart::~BLEUart()'

c:/users/mjhol/appdata/local/arduino15/packages/adafruit/tools/arm-none-eabi-gcc/9-2019q4/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: sketch\BLE_LE_partner_sketch_V2.ino.cpp.o: in function `BLE_sketch::BLEDfu::~BLEDfu()':

C:\Users\mjhol\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.20.5\libraries\Bluefruit52Lib\src/services/BLEDfu.h:44: undefined reference to `BLE_sketch::BLECharacteristic::~BLECharacteristic()'

c:/users/mjhol/appdata/local/arduino15/packages/adafruit/tools/arm-none-eabi-gcc/9-2019q4/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\mjhol\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.20.5\libraries\Bluefruit52Lib\src/services/BLEDfu.h:44: undefined reference to `vtable for BLE_sketch::BLEDfu'

c:/users/mjhol/appdata/local/arduino15/packages/adafruit/tools/arm-none-eabi-gcc/9-2019q4/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\mjhol\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_276326/..\arduino_cache_787534\core\core_adafruit_nrf52_cplaynrf52840_softdevice_s140v6,debug_l0_9d00e8c1b7e19a0cd42199da1a8b8c93.a(main.cpp.o): in function `loop_task(void*)':

C:\Users\mjhol\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.20.5\cores\nRF5/main.cpp:52: undefined reference to `setup'

Multiple libraries were found for "Adafruit_CircuitPlayground.h"

c:/users/mjhol/appdata/local/arduino15/packages/adafruit/tools/arm-none-eabi-gcc/9-2019q4/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\mjhol\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.20.5\cores\nRF5/main.cpp:61: undefined reference to `loop'

Used: C:\Users\mjhol\Documents\Arduino\libraries\arduino_539478

Not used: C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\libraries\Adafruit_Circuit_Playground

Not used: C:\Users\mjhol\Documents\Arduino\libraries\arduino_512257

c:/users/mjhol/appdata/local/arduino15/packages/adafruit/tools/arm-none-eabi-gcc/9-2019q4/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\mjhol\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.20.5\cores\nRF5/main.cpp:61: undefined reference to `loop'

c:/users/mjhol/appdata/local/arduino15/packages/adafruit/tools/arm-none-eabi-gcc/9-2019q4/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\mjhol\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_276326/..\arduino_cache_787534\core\core_adafruit_nrf52_cplaynrf52840_softdevice_s140v6,debug_l0_9d00e8c1b7e19a0cd42199da1a8b8c93.a(main.cpp.o):C:\Users\mjhol\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.20.5\cores\nRF5/main.cpp:61: more undefined references to `loop' follow

collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status

exit status 1

Error compiling for board Adafruit Circuit Playground Bluefruit.
</>

J-M-L · June 10, 2021, 4:21pm

Hello, do yourself a favour and please read How to get the best out of this forum and modify your post accordingly (including code tags and necessary documentation of your ask).

mjholten · June 10, 2021, 5:45pm

First of all, thanks for responding. I don’t use this forum very often but it has been helpful in the past. Regarding “How to get the best...”, I’m a bit confused. I have provided (I thought) a good technical request. I put my source code in code blocks (</>) and identified the specific area of the problem. I have included the error output from the compile, again in a code block (</> again). In looking at it again, I see two code segments that are slightly shaded. Is this the problem or should the entire thing be shaded? I will remove this post but would really appreciate a better understanding on what was wrong with my post.

Thanks again for the feedback!

Mark Holten

J-M-L · June 10, 2021, 5:53pm

Hi — look carefully at the output, you have not...

I will remove this post

--> don't, just fix it.

to fix: edit your post, select the code part and press the </> icon in the tool bar to mark it as code. (also make sure you indented the code in the IDE before copying, that's done by pressing ctrlT on a PC or cmdT on a Mac)
you'll probably need to remove the embedded block quotes you added

———

PS/ I'm unsure what you are trying to do, seems you have two loops and two setup in your .ino

mjholten · June 10, 2021, 7:10pm

Thanks again, I see what I did wrong. I have used the </> to show where the code is as well as another </> around the error messages from the compile. Regarding what I'm trying to do...I have developed a small app on an Android phone. This sends data via BLEUart to the Arduino. I want to use the data to determine and execute a LED sequence then send data back to the Arduino. So I know now that what I as intending to do with the namespace will not work. But first priority is to figure out how to have <bluefruit.h> and <Adafruit_CircuitPlayground.h> coexisting. Should I delete this post and open a new once since the original "problem" is no longer the problem?

J-M-L · June 10, 2021, 7:30pm

Yes a new post probably would be more appropriate

Make sure you mention which hardware you have (is it a CircuitPlayground hardware ?)

mjholten · June 10, 2021, 7:43pm

Yes it is. Thanks again!

Mark

mjholten · June 10, 2021, 8:26pm

Would you happen to know where I can find BLEUart examples for the Arduino?

J-M-L · June 10, 2021, 11:30pm

system · October 8, 2021, 11:31pm

This topic was automatically closed 120 days after the last reply. New replies are no longer allowed.

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