Here's a little function that should work. The original ADC register setting is restored after each use.
int analogReadFast(int ADCpin) {
byte ADCregOriginal = ADC0_CTRLC;
ADC0_CTRLC = 0x54; // reduced cap, Vdd ref, 32 prescaler
int adc = analogRead(ADCpin);
ADC0_CTRLC = ADCregOriginal;
return adc;
}