Using Serial imput to run a code

Your function is a little wrong. If you look at the debounce example, there is only one digitalRead. From your code

  int reading = digitalRead(buttonPin);
  buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);

and

    if (reading != buttonState) {

Chances are slim that they differ after the debounce period.

The readButton function in below code is basically the debounce example placed in a function; I've stripped the things that don't relate to the button.

Note that the code does not use LOW and HIGH but ISPRESSED; makes it easier to read. LOW does not mean much, ISPRESSED a lot more. I think that you use an external pull-up; if not, add one or change the pinMode statement to use the internal pull-up. If you use an external pull-down, change LOW in the first line to HIGH.

For demonstration purposes, I've added loop and setup.

#define ISPRESSED LOW

// constants won't change. They're used here to set pin numbers:
const int buttonPin = 2;    // the number of the pushbutton pin

// Variables will change:
int buttonState = !ISPRESSED;       // the current reading from the input pin
int lastButtonState = !ISPRESSED;   // the previous reading from the input pin

// the following variables are unsigned longs because the time, measured in
// milliseconds, will quickly become a bigger number than can be stored in an int.
unsigned long lastDebounceTime = 0;  // the last time the output pin was toggled
unsigned long debounceDelay = 50;    // the debounce time; increase if the output flickers

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(57600);
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
}

void loop()
{
  static int lastState = !ISPRESSED;
  int state = readButton();

  if (state != lastState)
  {
    Serial.print(millis());
    Serial.print(": Button state = ");
    Serial.println(state == ISPRESSED ? "Pressed" : "Released");
    lastState = state;
  }
}

/*
  read button
  Returns:
    last statble state
*/
int readButton()
{
  // read the state of the switch into a local variable:
  int reading = digitalRead(buttonPin);

  // check to see if you just pressed the button
  // (i.e. the input went from LOW to HIGH), and you've waited long enough
  // since the last press to ignore any noise:

  // If the switch changed, due to noise or pressing:
  if (reading != lastButtonState)
  {
    // reset the debouncing timer
    lastDebounceTime = millis();
  }

  if ((millis() - lastDebounceTime) > debounceDelay)
  {
    // whatever the reading is at, it's been there for longer than the debounce
    // delay, so take it as the actual current state:

    // if the button state has changed:
    if (reading != buttonState)
    {
      buttonState = reading;
    }
  }

  // save the reading. Next time through the loop, it'll be the lastButtonState:
  lastButtonState = reading;

  // return the last stable button state
  return buttonState;
}

The loop contains the state change detection.

I suggest that you use the readButton function, move the functionality of loop to checkButton and take it from there.