Variable that Changes

You put global variables outside of (typically above) any functions.

enum {PatternX, PatternY, PatternZ};
byte CurrentPatternID = PatternX;
char *CurrentPatternName = "Pattern X";

Then, in the place where you select a new pattern, set the global pointer to point to a different string constant:

     //  Change to pattern Y
    CurrentPatternID = PatternY;
    CurrentPatternName = "Pattern Y";

Then when you update the display, print CurrentPatternName.