This has already been mentioned in some past topics, such as this, and this.
Specs specify that maximum Vin voltage should not exceed 5V. However from the BQ24195L Datasheet I can't see any reason why a voltage of up to 12V cannot be accepted. Apart from the LED there's nothing else in that voltage path that would be compromised.
5V: This pin outputs 5V from the board when powered from the USB connector or from the VIN pin of the board. It is unregulated and the voltage is taken directly from the inputs.
As I see it, the 5V requirement is only there because the datasheet committed to feed 5V from the 5V output pin (Beside Vin), not because of any of the onboard electronics. Moreover the function of the PFET is only there so that the USB voltage does not feed back into Vin.
Hence 12V can be fed from Vin, if and only if :
Nothing is fed from the 5V out pin
The USB is not connected (or 5V is disconnected)
OR.....the mosfet is removed (as a safety feature)
Hence if the arduino is not feeding anything else, and is not connected to the PC (i.e operting in standolne mode), it can be safely operated using 12V.