VM/Interpreter - stack or register based?

AWOL:
I can imagine the 90% figure being valid for processor's having Java bytecode extension hardware.
Otherwise, not a hope.

Modern JVMs have Just In Time (JIT) compilers. They translate the bytecode to native machine code and then run the machine code directly. The translation does take time up front, but once the code is translated it can run at full speed.

90% may be optimistic, but it's not entirely unrealistic with a good JIT either.