Don't use that capacitor.
It is possible to use a capacitor, but use a small 100nF. The 100nF capacitors don't leak.
But don't use a capacitor just yet. Make it work first.
For safety, it is better to use higher values of the resistors.
Rule of thumb: Keep the circuit impedance at the analog input maximum 10kΩ.
For example: R1 = 20k, R2 = 20k, is okay, the combined impedance is 10kΩ.
However, if both R1 and R2 are 100k, it will still work, you will notice almost no difference.
I suggest: R1 = 220k, R2 = 10k
For better accuracy, you can use an internal reference voltage. You have to change the voltage divider of course.
Suppose you choose the internal voltage of 1.1V of a Arduino Uno.
Then: R1 = 1M, R2 = 10k
To answer your question: The Arduino does not draw any current with its analog input. The ADC requires a little charge, but if the circuit impedance is 10k or lower, then the 10 bits are still accurate.