What Microprocessor with Wifi or Radio Frequency To Use

What I want to do is monitor water temp and weather on the water

How are you planning to "monitor the weather" on the water?

I would like a wifi distance of 150ft.

Is this line of sight over open water with no obstacles? If so, you may be OK. In my experience, my D1 does not have anything like the range of my home router with wall and other obstacles. The D1 mini pro can use an external antenna.