What’s the fastest way…

Please explain why you think you need to send the data so fast, it seems unlikley to me.

Which Arduino are you using? sprintf() is not quick to execute.

If you really need the speed you have to slim down the data you sent, sending what you are suggesting has a lot of wasted characters in it, I doubt you really need to send 'analogRead' with every message, if it's always the same there is no point in sending it.