Looking at my local library and saw books on Python, visual c++ and c#. What is the difference between all of the languages the books are about.
Umm - this is a bit like asking for the differences between English, Russian, and Arabic.
How much answer do you want? 
Python is an interpreted scripting language, C# is I-can't-believe-it's-not-Java, and Visual C++ is just Microsoft's dialect of C++.
What do you mean by i can not believe it is not java?
C# is just Microsoft's attempt to produce a Java-alike.
Microsoft wanted something to compete with the success of Java. C# was the result. IMHO, Anders Hejlsberg should have stayed at Borland. Delphi went to the dogs not long after he went to Microsoft.
AWOL:
C# is just Microsoft's attempt to produce a Java-alike.
If C# is a Java-alike, then Java is a LISP-alike. There are some pretty significant differences. But, in the end, all computer languages are intended to tell computers what to do, and thus they all share a lot of similarities.
Python is a great language for easily developing application logic. It's quite possibly the easiest beginner language of the three. However, because it's a high-level scripting language, there are some things it just doesn't do very well -- things like heavy-duty computation (like simulating physical systems or whatever) and device drivers and other systems programming.
If you don't know how to program at all, Python is a fine language to start. And you'll probably keep using it for your entire life -- a lot of very large systems are written in large parts in Python. I use it almost daily at work.
If C# is a Java-alike, then Java is a LISP-alike.
I can only assume you've not done much LISP
AWOL:
If C# is a Java-alike, then Java is a LISP-alike.
I can only assume you've not done much LISP
I have; that's the point. In my opinion, Java is only a little bit like LISP -- just like C# is only a little bit like Java.
Anyway: if you want to start programming, Python is a good place. However, the only language available for the Arduino is C++. (C works too, just because C++ is a superset of C, modulo some quirks)
Looking at my local library and saw books on Python, visual c++ and c#. What is the difference between all of the languages the books are about.
You've heard what the other guys had to say.
If you're essentially starting out and you're committed to getting into Arduino, then you're
basically going to have to learn C at the very least. Arduino may use C++, but you can do most
things using more simplistic C syntax, and not worrying too much about the more complex C++
stuff. [at least so far, I haven't had to worry much about C++ and I've written a lot of Arduino
sketches].
Also, Python is something you can use on a PC, but I don't think you can use it on Arduino.
However, to save having to learn 2 languages, you can learn C on the Arduino, and then if
you want to program on your PC also, you can use C#, which is less trouble to learn than C++.
Visual C# isn't any more difficult to learn to use than C, and Microsoft does have free Express
versions of C#, C++, and also Basic. So, basically, the easy route is C on Arduino, and then C#
on the PC.
AWOL:
C# is just Microsoft's attempt to produce a Java-alike.
Is that what it is? I haven't been able to drag myself to look at it, and I know it's been around for a while.