Where do I have to start? - RPM reading and action at certain engine speed

GoForSmoke:
You put more than a tiny bit of -V on an Arduino pin, the pin burns up.

If you're not really sure then really don't connect unless you can afford to burn up chips.

The sensor is original a VR sensor, but if the first datasheet shows it will be integrated to a digital ouput.

As I mentioned the pinout I know now is:

Black = - signal
Clear = + signal
Yellow = ground

I would first check the output with a scope, but don't really know how to connect it. This is what I suggest:

The + from a battery source to + signal
The - from a battery source to the ground

Then measure with the scope about the - and + signal wires I think.