The short answer is "No": you need a CPU with at least 1990s-PC-level horsepower to read the video from the webcam over USB.
You could mount a regular analog video camera, and use a video modulator to transmit the signal to a TV or similar receiver. You could take that received video and run it into a capture card in a PC if you want to make a digital recording, transmit it over the internet, etc.
You can also get "IP cameras" that translate the video into internet-able packets. Some of those come with WiFi interfaces instead of/in addition to Ethernet.