Which Arduino or controller do I need for my project?

dave-in-nj:
in a very general way, the UNO/ NANO / Pro Mini are the same processor with almost the same number of pins.

your need to have an event at some speed is a beginner application and should be satisfying for you to achieve.

EDIT:

I was wrong, the rpm sensor that is already mounted has a magnetic pick up signal. This is the only thing the engine dyno manual says about it.

However, do i have to adapt such sensor signal or is it possible to directly connect it to the Arduino board?