Interesting. I just discovered this thread while trying to figure out why the watchdog doesn't appear to work on either of my boards (Mega2560 and Nano). I essentially wrote the exact same sketch as a test, and both my sketch and the one posted here have the exact same behavior: the watchdog times out as expected, but then the yellow led starts blinking very rapidly (10 Hz or so) and that's it...stuck.
I'm guessing that the bootrom doesn't like the watchdog reset. If I remove and re-apply power then the whole thing starts over again (works the first time, but gets stuck after watchdog reset).