5 x WS2812 LEDs + Arduino Nano Power Issues

Hello!

I'm working on some fun Arduino Christmas presents for my family in the form of LED-lit acrylic signs. I'm encountering an issue in which the project works perfectly fine when powered via USB, but seems to have issues when using any other power source. I've got a very short strip of 5x WS2812B LEDs, which I'm powering from the 5V pin on the Nano itself. The power supplies I am using are variable, I can switch from 5, 6, 7.5, 9, and 12 Volts. It can supply up to 2.5 A so I wouldn't imagine the power is lacking. I have limited space to work with in the enclosure I designed, so I am powering the nano using the VIN pin. The Nano seems to be receiving the power fine, but the lights are not operating as they should. Pending on the voltage I select on the DC Power Supply, they act differently. At 5V They do nothing, at 12V they flicker and attempt the "breathing" animation which I put in the code. Again, the lights and the "breathing" animation seem to be perfectly fine when I power it via USB. I have tried switching the Power supply to 5v and powering the lights as well as the Nano rather than powering the lights from the 5v pin on the board itself, that does nothing at all. I have very limited space to work with so I don't believe I would be able to crank the voltage from the Power Supply up to the Arduino and use a buck converter to lessen the voltage and direct line into the LEDs. Is there perhaps something simple I am missing? I'd appreciate any help/feedback.

Thanks!

#include <FastLED.h>

#define NUM_LEDS 5
#define DATA_PIN 2

int r = 0;
int g = 0;
int b = 255;

CRGB leds[NUM_LEDS];

void setup() {

FastLED.addLeds<WS2812, DATA_PIN>(leds, NUM_LEDS);
Serial.begin(9600);

}

void loop() {

for (int c =0; c < 255; c++){
  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++){
    leds[i] = CRGB(r,g,b);
    FastLED.show();  
    delay(5);
    if (r < 255){
      r++;  
    }
    if (g < 255){
      g++;
    }
  }
}   

for (int c =0; c < 255; c++){  
    for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++){
      leds[i] = CRGB(r,g,b);
      FastLED.show();  
      delay(5);
      if (r > 0){
        r--;  
      }
      if (g > 0){
        g--;
      }
   }
 }
}

A pretty Fritzing picture is not a schematic.
I suspect that the LM2940 5V regulator is struggling to supply the current the LEDs are trying to draw. The LEDs should be powered directly from the battery or power supply. The 5V from the USB does not go through the LM2940 which is why the USB input can power the LEDs.

Set your power supply to 5V and feed that to the Arduino's 5V pin (not the Vin pin) and feed the strip from that as well.