What im trying to build is my own graduation work for finishing middle school , and its as the topic stands .
Now , its all fine and dandy as how i planned it but as anything DIY and till i get the PCBs built , its only theory .
Il try to explain it short :
Two transformers ( one 30VA 24V to power the arduino , LCD and cooling fans , one 100W toroid for the actual power supply part )
20x4 LCD that will show the current voltage , current and some other stuff is possible )
a power transistor / tiristor that will receive the PWM from the arduino and thus control voltage )
In short , A0 port for reference voltage (24V , but after voltage divider 2.4V) which can be changed with a potentiometer . A1 port that monitors the output voltage after the power transistor . A2 port that outputs the PWM signal to the transistor .
The issue im up against is this : can it even be done all in the same time ? That means reading voltage , calculating needed PWM frequency for it to be adjustable from 0-24V , then outputting it to the LCD for monitoring and optionally a current sensor and programmed current limit for set voltage .
Is it even possible ?
What else do i need from components ? ( i additionally have the current sensor module for the arduino , an IRFZ44 as the power transistor and the rest )
Looking at your drawing it's all wrong I've only skimmed over it quickly. The input variable resistor connected to 24v will destroy your board. If this is to control output voltage then you need to connect it to 5v. The mosfet will not work unless it's a logic one if not then you need to have a mosfet driver. Why you have voltage regulators for each part of the curcuit is beyond me. Dropping 24v to 5v with a linear regulator will produce a lot of heat. Your design is flawed with faults like how you control the current limit I only see one pot, to many to point out.
Try a google search for Arduino or micro controller controlled power supply this will give you some design ideas.
Plus i think you have left it a bit late, so I would say have a rethink on your design.
Logic mosfet gate can be controlled with 0-5v other mosfets need 0-20v gate voltage depending on how much you control it by. Your drawing shows one pot which I presume that this controls the output voltage but no current control. You need to post the correct / full schematics and not just rough idea otherwise we will be wasting time in looking.
The last one you posted is ok you could look at the way they do that one and replace the controller with arduino