Arduino Nano standard fuse bits

According to boards.txt shipped with the Arduino IDE the following fuse bits are used for Arduino Nano boards:
nano.menu.cpu.atmega328.bootloader.low_fuses=0xFF
nano.menu.cpu.atmega328.bootloader.high_fuses=0xDA
nano.menu.cpu.atmega328.bootloader.extended_fuses=0x05

However mounted on Arduino Nano board (According to NashDuino/Arduino Nano 3.1 BOM.xlsx at master · NashMicro/NashDuino · GitHub) is CSTCE16M0V53-R0 as the external clock source, which is a Ceramic Resonator. (Datasheet: https://www.murata.com/en-us/api/pdfdownloadapi?cate=&partno=CSTCE16M0V53-R0).
That is Full Swing Crystal Oscillator is a better candidate for the source of clock, which is satisfied by the following low fuse bits:
nano.menu.cpu.atmega328.bootloader.low_fuses=0xE6

Further info -> ATMEGA328 datasheet under Full Swing Crystal Oscillator.

Can anyone enlighten me?

What makes you say that full swing crystal oscillator setting is necessary or appropriate? The datasheet for that resonator doesn't seem to suggest that full swing is needed.

Per datasheet, "This is useful for driving other clock inputs and in noisy environments". I don't think either of those are true under typical arduino conditions, so using the normal low power crystal options is fine (and indeed, it is, as evidenced by the huge number of nano and clone nanos in use with those fuse settings).

Atmel seems to be deprecating the use of full swing crystal clock option, generally - it's been removed from the 328pb, for example.

After my opinion there is a huge difference between a crystal resonator (which is a passive component) and a crystal oscillator (which is an active component). The use of these two sources of clock is different as well:
1- Crystal resonator (mounted on Nano): XTAL1, XTAL2 are connected and together with oscillation capacitors and internal circuitry clock is generated.
2- External crystal oscillator: Only XTAL1 is connected. No need for capacitors or internal circuitry, since the crystal itself generates the clock.

It's a bit suspicious that Nano circuit works fine with the latter, though the hardware suggests the first.

Full Swing.png

Ext crystal.png

there is a huge difference between a crystal resonator (which is a passive component) and a crystal oscillator (which is an active component).

Yes, but the fuse setting you're complaining about is NOT for an external Crystal Oscillator; it's for an external Passive Crystal using oscillator circuitry internal to the AVR.

For an active external oscillator, the low nibble of the low fuse would be 0, rather than 0xF or 0x6.

See datasheet section 9.2 "Clock Sources"

Totally right! Thank you :slight_smile: