There are very few microcontrollers with hardware support for USB that are still available in DIP packages. One somewhat surprising possibility is the new Microchip AVR-DU series., which includes a DIP28 version (same size at ATmega328p.) But AFAIK, it isn't supported by Arduino (yet.) (@DrAzzy's DxCore has some support, but it currently pre-dates actual chips, and DrAzzy has been less active recently, so I don't know the actual status.)
There are modules that support hardware USB that are nearly as small and nearly as cheap as individual chips, like the SeeedStudio Xiao line and (pin compatible) Adafruit QTPys (plus a whole bunch of ESP modules (not all of which have HW USB - check carefully.)