Best structure to use for sending multiple variables between a phone and ESP32 via Bluetooth

Sending the character data may be easier to develop and debug than sending the data in a struct. You may lose some efficiency, but how much data are you sending/exchanging and how fast do you need to do this?

I would recommend a review of Robin2's excellent tutorial on how to send the Serial data as a character string with start and stop markers.

What are you running on the Android side. Is it a custom app? Did you use app inventor? Do you know how to handle a struct on the Android side if you chose to go that route?