You can retrieve the compiled code from the board, but it won't look anything like what you wrote.
And when I say nothing like what you wrote, imagine your favourite picture.
Now scrunch it up into a ball, put the ball in a blender, and switch in the blender.
You will probably have more success recovering the data off you bad drive with something like TestDisk / PhotoRec. What exactely went wrong with your drive?
Timo345:
I broke my Computer and my Arduino sketch went away.
Maybe you could connect the hard disk to another PC and recover the files. You can get "boxes" that can hold a hard disk and connect to a PC with a USB cable.