I know the specs say the Arduino Mega 2560 R3 has a recommended Voltage of 7-12vdc. But I have a 5 volt / 2.5a wall worth PS that was used to power a USB hub. Will that work? Or do I need to supply a min of 7 volts?
Seems to me it should work with 5 v as when it's connected to a computer via USB it's only supplying 5v.
The only difference between the USB socket and the 5volt pin is a 500mA polyfuse inline with the USB socket.
Adding a diode would lower the external 5volt supply with a diode drop (0.4-0.7volt).
If you're careful not to reverse polarity, then don't use a diode.
The only difference between V-in and the DC socket is a diode inline with the DC socket.
Not a problem here to drop 0.7volt from a still unregulated voltage.
6volt on V-in (6.7volt on the DC socket) is the absolute minimum for the regulator to make a stable 5volt.
Leo..