You have more grounds than you need. Those Dc/DC modules are not isolated therefore the ground in and the ground out are the same signal.
I would try removing the grounds from the output side of the DC?DC converter.
Grab your 24VDC to 5VDC converter module...... then get your multimeter. See the two negative terminals? If you use your multimeter to measure the resistance between those TWO negative terminals..... and if that resistance is very small, then it would mean that those two negative terminals are already electrically connected together (internallly). If they are internally connected already, then you don't need to connect both of them back to the common ground (since one is already linked to the other).