You were given the link to "element access" reference. Did you look at it?
It is easily modified to give you the ascii value instead of the character at a location in the String.
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
String myString = "abcd123";
for (byte n = 0; n < myString.length(); n++)
{
byte thisAsciiValue = myString[n];
Serial.println(thisAsciiValue, DEC);
}
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
}