I am looking for guidance with a circuit as I am relatively inexperienced in arduino.
I am using a simple circuit design incorporating an accelerometer and microcontroller but are unsure what other components I need and the arrangement of them. I am looking to make a circuit to track acceleration forces from dropping various heights.
Please help
The acceleration force should be constant on earth.
I have not yet researched how this behaves with an earth disc. 
true until you hit whatever is under the module, may be that's what OP wants to study?
Well, that.
The accelerometer (pick one that has a high enough sampling rate, and can handle the expected accelerations of your experiments) and an Arduino. Some external storage and power supply and you're set.
Now your main challenges are to 1) have your project survive the impact and 2) not have the added weight of the project affect your readings.
what do you mean??
I could understand if you are talking about significant air resistance but an object of 1kg dropped will have the same acceleration as an object weighting 100kg. and if you drop them both at the same time, both objects will fall with the same acceleration due to gravity, meaning they will reach the ground simultaneously, provided there is no significant air resistance differences.
read about the principle of equivalence, demonstrated by Galileo and formalized by Einstein in the theory of special relativity.
The acceleration during a free fall will of course remain roughly the same, I was not talking about that part of the experiment. That's when the accelerometer will read an acceleration of about 0 m/s2, or exactly 0 if there's no air resistance or so working on the object, only gravity.
The acceleration ON IMPACT however may or may not be the same, as the material the test probe hits may react differently depending on the impact it receives, as may the probe itself. If not ideally elastic, it will have a different impact force and thus acceleration.
ok thanks for the clarification. Makes sense now
we are still waiting to hear from @westoe190784 on what's the experiment exactly
Measure time and height. Solve for g using h = 1/2 * g * t^2
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