Error compiling for board Arduino Mega or Mega 2560 for multi sketch

shanren · July 8, 2021, 10:25pm

Hi,
I searched and did:
Tools > Board > Boards Managehttps://forum.arduino.cc/newr> install & Update.
error still.
Thanks for help.
Adam

// include the library code:
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

#include "ACDC.h"
#include "CAPACITOR.h"
#include "COMPONENTS.h"
#include "OSCILLOSCOPE.h"
#include "PWM.h"

// initialize the library by associating any needed LCD interface pin
// with the arduino pin number it is connected to
const int rs = 12, en = 11, d4 = 5, d5 = 4, d6 = 3, d7 = 2;
LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);

void Setup() {
  // set up the LCD's number of columns and rows:
  lcd.begin(16, 2);
  // Print a message to the LCD.
  lcd.print("hello, world!");

  // set the cursor to column 0, line 1
  // (note: line 1 is the second row, since counting begins with 0):
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  // print the number of seconds since reset:
  lcd.print(millis() / 1000);

}

void loop() {
  // ACDC.ACDCLoop();
  // CAPACITOR.CAPACITORLoop();
  // COMPONENTS.COMPONENTSLoop();
  // OSCILLOSCOPE.OSCILLOSCOPELoop();
  PWM.PWMLoop();
}

class PWMGen {

  private:
    const int pwmPin = 30; // assigns pin 12 to variable pwm
    const int potcyc = A6; // assigns analog pot input A0 to vary the cyc of pwm
    const int potfre = A7; // assigns analog pot input A1 to vary the cfrequency of pwm

  public:

    void PWMSetup()  // setup loop
    {
     // Serial.begin(9600);
      pinMode(pwmPin, OUTPUT);
      // Don't use pinMode() with analogRead()
    }

    void PWMLoop()
    {
      float dutyCycleVal = analogRead(potcyc) / 1024.0;
      int delayVal = map(analogRead(potfre), 0, 1024, 2000, 0); // delay in

      digitalWrite(pwmPin, HIGH);
      delayMicroseconds(delayVal * dutyCycleVal); // The ON part of the cycle
      digitalWrite(pwmPin, LOW);
      delayMicroseconds(delayVal * (1.0 - dutyCycleVal));  // The OFF part of the cycle
    }
};

PWMGen PWM;

ERROR:

Arduino: 1.8.13 (Windows 7), Board: "Arduino Mega or Mega 2560, ATmega2560 (Mega 2560)"





















C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\arduino-builder -dump-prefs -logger=machine -hardware C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware -hardware C:\Users\HUA.DELLV-PC\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages -tools C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\tools-builder -tools C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -tools C:\Users\HUA.DELLV-PC\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages -built-in-libraries C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\libraries -libraries C:\Users\HUA.DELLV-PC\Documents\Arduino\libraries -fqbn=arduino:avr:mega:cpu=atmega2560 -ide-version=10813 -build-path C:\Users\HUA~1.DEL\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_751777 -warnings=none -build-cache C:\Users\HUA~1.DEL\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_cache_398538 -prefs=build.warn_data_percentage=75 -prefs=runtime.tools.arduinoOTA.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -prefs=runtime.tools.arduinoOTA-1.3.0.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -prefs=runtime.tools.avrdude.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -prefs=runtime.tools.avrdude-6.3.0-arduino17.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -prefs=runtime.tools.avr-gcc.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -prefs=runtime.tools.avr-gcc-7.3.0-atmel3.6.1-arduino7.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -verbose E:\ENGINEERING\DIY\Electronic\meter\Arduino Multimeter\00_MAIN\MEGA2560.MAIN\MEGA2560.MAIN.ino

C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\arduino-builder -compile -logger=machine -hardware C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware -hardware C:\Users\HUA.DELLV-PC\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages -tools C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\tools-builder -tools C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -tools C:\Users\HUA.DELLV-PC\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages -built-in-libraries C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\libraries -libraries C:\Users\HUA.DELLV-PC\Documents\Arduino\libraries -fqbn=arduino:avr:mega:cpu=atmega2560 -ide-version=10813 -build-path C:\Users\HUA~1.DEL\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_751777 -warnings=none -build-cache C:\Users\HUA~1.DEL\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_cache_398538 -prefs=build.warn_data_percentage=75 -prefs=runtime.tools.arduinoOTA.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -prefs=runtime.tools.arduinoOTA-1.3.0.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -prefs=runtime.tools.avrdude.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -prefs=runtime.tools.avrdude-6.3.0-arduino17.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -prefs=runtime.tools.avr-gcc.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -prefs=runtime.tools.avr-gcc-7.3.0-atmel3.6.1-arduino7.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -verbose E:\ENGINEERING\DIY\Electronic\meter\Arduino Multimeter\00_MAIN\MEGA2560.MAIN\MEGA2560.MAIN.ino

Using board 'mega' from platform in folder: C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr

Using core 'arduino' from platform in folder: C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr

Detecting libraries used...

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -flto -w -x c++ -E -CC -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\sketch\\MEGA2560.MAIN.ino.cpp" -o nul -DARDUINO_LIB_DISCOVERY_PHASE

Alternatives for LiquidCrystal.h: [LiquidCrystal-1.0.7@1.0.7]

ResolveLibrary(LiquidCrystal.h)

  -> candidates: [LiquidCrystal-1.0.7@1.0.7]

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -flto -w -x c++ -E -CC -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "-IC:\\Users\\HUA.DELLV-PC\\Documents\\Arduino\\libraries\\LiquidCrystal-1.0.7\\src" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\sketch\\MEGA2560.MAIN.ino.cpp" -o nul -DARDUINO_LIB_DISCOVERY_PHASE

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -flto -w -x c++ -E -CC -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "-IC:\\Users\\HUA.DELLV-PC\\Documents\\Arduino\\libraries\\LiquidCrystal-1.0.7\\src" "C:\\Users\\HUA.DELLV-PC\\Documents\\Arduino\\libraries\\LiquidCrystal-1.0.7\\src\\LiquidCrystal.cpp" -o nul -DARDUINO_LIB_DISCOVERY_PHASE

Generating function prototypes...

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -flto -w -x c++ -E -CC -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "-IC:\\Users\\HUA.DELLV-PC\\Documents\\Arduino\\libraries\\LiquidCrystal-1.0.7\\src" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\sketch\\MEGA2560.MAIN.ino.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\preproc\\ctags_target_for_gcc_minus_e.cpp" -DARDUINO_LIB_DISCOVERY_PHASE

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\tools-builder\\ctags\\5.8-arduino11/ctags" -u --language-force=c++ -f - --c++-kinds=svpf --fields=KSTtzns --line-directives "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\preproc\\ctags_target_for_gcc_minus_e.cpp"

Compiling sketch...

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -MMD -flto -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "-IC:\\Users\\HUA.DELLV-PC\\Documents\\Arduino\\libraries\\LiquidCrystal-1.0.7\\src" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\sketch\\MEGA2560.MAIN.ino.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\sketch\\MEGA2560.MAIN.ino.cpp.o"

Compiling libraries...

Compiling library "LiquidCrystal-1.0.7"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -MMD -flto -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "-IC:\\Users\\HUA.DELLV-PC\\Documents\\Arduino\\libraries\\LiquidCrystal-1.0.7\\src" "C:\\Users\\HUA.DELLV-PC\\Documents\\Arduino\\libraries\\LiquidCrystal-1.0.7\\src\\LiquidCrystal.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\libraries\\LiquidCrystal-1.0.7\\LiquidCrystal.cpp.o"

Compiling core...

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc" -c -g -x assembler-with-cpp -flto -MMD -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\wiring_pulse.S" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\wiring_pulse.S.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu11 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -MMD -flto -fno-fat-lto-objects -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\wiring_analog.c" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\wiring_analog.c.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu11 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -MMD -flto -fno-fat-lto-objects -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\hooks.c" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\hooks.c.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu11 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -MMD -flto -fno-fat-lto-objects -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\wiring.c" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\wiring.c.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu11 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -MMD -flto -fno-fat-lto-objects -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\WInterrupts.c" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\WInterrupts.c.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu11 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -MMD -flto -fno-fat-lto-objects -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\wiring_digital.c" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\wiring_digital.c.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu11 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -MMD -flto -fno-fat-lto-objects -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\wiring_pulse.c" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\wiring_pulse.c.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu11 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -MMD -flto -fno-fat-lto-objects -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\wiring_shift.c" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\wiring_shift.c.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -MMD -flto -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\CDC.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\CDC.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -MMD -flto -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\HardwareSerial.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\HardwareSerial.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -MMD -flto -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\HardwareSerial0.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\HardwareSerial0.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -MMD -flto -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\HardwareSerial1.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\HardwareSerial1.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -MMD -flto -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\HardwareSerial2.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\HardwareSerial2.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -MMD -flto -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\HardwareSerial3.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\HardwareSerial3.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -MMD -flto -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\IPAddress.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\IPAddress.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -MMD -flto -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\PluggableUSB.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\PluggableUSB.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -MMD -flto -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\Print.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\Print.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -MMD -flto -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\Stream.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\Stream.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -MMD -flto -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\Tone.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\Tone.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -MMD -flto -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\USBCore.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\USBCore.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -MMD -flto -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\WMath.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\WMath.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -MMD -flto -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\WString.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\WString.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -MMD -flto -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\abi.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\abi.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -MMD -flto -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\main.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\main.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -MMD -flto -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino\\new.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\new.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\wiring_pulse.S.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\WInterrupts.c.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\hooks.c.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\wiring.c.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\wiring_analog.c.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\wiring_digital.c.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\wiring_pulse.c.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\wiring_shift.c.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\CDC.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\HardwareSerial.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\HardwareSerial0.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\HardwareSerial1.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\HardwareSerial2.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\HardwareSerial3.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\IPAddress.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\PluggableUSB.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\Print.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\Stream.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\Tone.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\USBCore.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\WMath.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\WString.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\abi.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\main.cpp.o"

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc-ar" rcs "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\core.a" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\core\\new.cpp.o"

Archiving built core (caching) in: C:\Users\HUA~1.DEL\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_cache_398538\core\core_arduino_avr_mega_cpu_atmega2560_0c812875ac70eb4a9b385d8fb077f54c.a

Linking everything together...

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-gcc" -w -Os -g -flto -fuse-linker-plugin -Wl,--gc-sections -mmcu=atmega2560 -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777/MEGA2560.MAIN.ino.elf" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\sketch\\MEGA2560.MAIN.ino.cpp.o" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\libraries\\LiquidCrystal-1.0.7\\LiquidCrystal.cpp.o" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777/core\\core.a" "-LC:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777" -lm

C:\Users\HUA~1.DEL\AppData\Local\Temp\cchRA17o.ltrans0.ltrans.o: In function `main':

C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr\cores\arduino/main.cpp:43: undefined reference to `setup'

collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status

Using library LiquidCrystal-1.0.7 at version 1.0.7 in folder: C:\Users\HUA.DELLV-PC\Documents\Arduino\libraries\LiquidCrystal-1.0.7 

exit status 1

Error compiling for board Arduino Mega or Mega 2560.

PieterP · July 8, 2021, 10:59pm

Did you mean setup (lower case)?

shanren · July 8, 2021, 11:08pm

Thanks.
Great.

shanren · July 8, 2021, 11:38pm

Hi again,
I added one more sub, came out: “expected unqualified-id before string constant“
Also， do I need modify:

void ch_select(byte n) {
AS
void ACDCCh_select(byte n) {

class ACDCMeter {
  
private:
// define autoranging channel pins
#define CH0  2
#define CH1  3
#define CH2  4
#define CH3  5

const uint16_t Time_Out = 50000,  // time out in microseconds
               Periods  = 10;     // number of periods of measurement (for AC voltage only)

// variables
byte ch_number;
const uint16_t res_table[4] = {2444, 244, 94, 47},  // voltage divider resistances in tenths kOhms
                              total_res = 22444;                   // total resistance in tenths kOhms
uint16_t current_res;
volatile byte per;

public:

void ACDCSetup(void)
{
  Serial.begin(9600);

  pinMode(CH0, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(CH1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(CH2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(CH3, OUTPUT);

  ch_number = 0;
  ch_select(ch_number);

  // ADC and analog comparator configuration
  ADMUX  = 0x03;
  ADCSRA = 0x87;
  ADCSRB = (0 << ACME);  // select AIN1 as comparator negative input
  ACSR   = 0x13;         // turn on analog comparator

  ///////////////////////
  Serial.print("ch_number.1 = ");
  Serial.println(ch_number);
  ////////////////////////////

}

// analog comparator ISR
ISR (ANALOG_COMP_vect)
{
  byte count = 0;
  for (byte i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
    if ( ACSR & 0x20 )
      count++;
  }

  if (count > 48)
    per++;
}

// main loop
void ACDCLoop()
{
  bool dc_flag = 0; // DC voltage flag bit
  int32_t sum = 0;  // sum of all readings
  uint16_t n = 0;   // number of readings (samples)

  ACSR = (1 << ACI);   // clear analog comparator interrupt flag
  ACSR = (1 << ACIE);  // enable analog comparator interrupt

  uint32_t current_m = micros();  // save current millis
  byte current_per = per;         // save current period number
  while ( (current_per == per) && (micros() - current_m < Time_Out) ) ;

  if ( micros() - current_m >= Time_Out ) { // if there's time out event ==> voltage signal is DC
    dc_flag = 1;
    for (byte i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
      ADCSRA |= 1 << ADSC;   // start conversion
      while (ADCSRA & 0x40); // wait for conversion complete
      int16_t an = (int16_t)(ADCL | (uint16_t)ADCH << 8) - 511;
      sum += an;
      n++;         // increment number of readings
      delay(1);
    }
  }

  else {   // here, voltage signal is AC
    current_m = micros();  // save current millis()
    per = 0;
    while ( (per < Periods) && (micros() - current_m < (uint32_t)Time_Out * Periods) ) {
      ADCSRA |= 1 << ADSC;   // start conversion
      while (ADCSRA & 0x40); // wait for conversion complete
      int32_t an = (int16_t)(ADCL | (uint16_t)ADCH << 8) - 511;
      sum += sq(an);  // sq: square
      n++;            // increment number of readings
    }
  }

  ACSR = (0 << ACIE);  // disable analog comparator interrupt
  uint32_t total_time = micros() - current_m;  // used to claculate frequency

  ///////////////////////
  Serial.print("ADMUX,BIN = ");
  Serial.println(ADMUX, BIN);
  ////////////////////////////

  // voltage calculation
  float v;
  if (dc_flag)  // if voltage signal is DC
    v = (4 * sum) / n; // calculate Arduino analog channel DC voltage in milli-Volts

  else  // here voltage signal is AC
    v = 4 * sqrt(sum / n); // calculate Arduino analog channel RMS voltage in milli-Volts

  // claculate actual (input) voltage in milli-Volts (apply voltage divider equation)
  v = v * (float)total_res / current_res;
  v /= 1000;  // get voltage in Volts

  uint16_t v_abs = abs(int16_t(v));
  if ( (v_abs >= 10 && ch_number == 0) || (v_abs >= 100 && ch_number == 1) || (v_abs >= 250 && ch_number == 2) ) {
    ch_number++;
    ch_select(ch_number);
    delay(10);
    return;
    ///////////////////////
    Serial.print("ch_number.2 = ");
    Serial.println(ch_number);
    ////////////////////////////

  }

  if ( (v_abs < 220 && ch_number == 3) || (v_abs < 80 && ch_number == 2) || (v_abs < 8 && ch_number == 1) ) {
    ch_number--;
    ch_select(ch_number);
    delay(10);
    return;

    ///////////////////////
    Serial.print("ch_number.3 = ");
    Serial.println(ch_number);
    ////////////////////////////

  }

  char _buffer[8];
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  if ( v < 0)
    lcd.print('-');
  else
    lcd.print(' ');
  if (v_abs < 10)
    sprintf( _buffer, "%01u.%02u", v_abs, abs((int16_t)(v * 100)) % 100 );
  else if ( v_abs < 100)
    sprintf( _buffer, "%02u.%01u", v_abs, abs((int16_t)(v * 10)) % 10 );
  else
    sprintf( _buffer, "%03u ", v_abs );

  lcd.print(_buffer);
  if (dc_flag)
    lcd.print("VDC        ");
  else {
    lcd.print("VAC ");
    // calculate signal frequency in Hz
    uint32_t period_time = total_time / Periods;
    float freq = 1000000.0 / period_time;
    sprintf( _buffer, "%02u.%02uHz", (uint16_t)freq % 100, (uint16_t)(freq * 100) % 100 );
    lcd.print(_buffer);
  }

  delay(500);    // wait half a second

}

void ch_select(byte n) {
  switch (n) {
    case 0:
      digitalWrite(CH0, HIGH);
      digitalWrite(CH1, LOW);
      digitalWrite(CH2, LOW);
      digitalWrite(CH3, LOW);

      Serial.print("CH0 = ");
      Serial.println(CH0);

      break;
    case 1:
      digitalWrite(CH0, LOW);
      digitalWrite(CH1, HIGH);
      digitalWrite(CH2, LOW);
      digitalWrite(CH3, LOW);

      Serial.print("CH1 = ");
      Serial.println(CH1);

      break;
    case 2:
      digitalWrite(CH0, LOW);
      digitalWrite(CH1, LOW);
      digitalWrite(CH2, HIGH);
      digitalWrite(CH3, LOW);

      Serial.print("CH2 = ");
      Serial.println(CH2);

      break;
    case 3:
      digitalWrite(CH0, LOW);
      digitalWrite(CH1, LOW);
      digitalWrite(CH2, LOW);
      digitalWrite(CH3, HIGH);

      Serial.print("CH3 = ");
      Serial.println(CH3);
  }
  current_res = res_table[n];
  delay(1000);
}
};

ACDCMeter ACDC;

ERROR:

Arduino: 1.8.13 (Windows 7), Board: "Arduino Mega or Mega 2560, ATmega2560 (Mega 2560)"





















C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\arduino-builder -dump-prefs -logger=machine -hardware C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware -hardware C:\Users\HUA.DELLV-PC\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages -tools C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\tools-builder -tools C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -tools C:\Users\HUA.DELLV-PC\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages -built-in-libraries C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\libraries -libraries C:\Users\HUA.DELLV-PC\Documents\Arduino\libraries -fqbn=arduino:avr:mega:cpu=atmega2560 -ide-version=10813 -build-path C:\Users\HUA~1.DEL\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_751777 -warnings=none -build-cache C:\Users\HUA~1.DEL\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_cache_398538 -prefs=build.warn_data_percentage=75 -prefs=runtime.tools.avrdude.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -prefs=runtime.tools.avrdude-6.3.0-arduino17.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -prefs=runtime.tools.avr-gcc.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -prefs=runtime.tools.avr-gcc-7.3.0-atmel3.6.1-arduino7.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -prefs=runtime.tools.arduinoOTA.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -prefs=runtime.tools.arduinoOTA-1.3.0.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -verbose E:\ENGINEERING\DIY\Electronic\meter\Arduino Multimeter\00_MAIN\MEGA2560.MAIN\MEGA2560.MAIN.ino

C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\arduino-builder -compile -logger=machine -hardware C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware -hardware C:\Users\HUA.DELLV-PC\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages -tools C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\tools-builder -tools C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -tools C:\Users\HUA.DELLV-PC\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages -built-in-libraries C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\libraries -libraries C:\Users\HUA.DELLV-PC\Documents\Arduino\libraries -fqbn=arduino:avr:mega:cpu=atmega2560 -ide-version=10813 -build-path C:\Users\HUA~1.DEL\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_751777 -warnings=none -build-cache C:\Users\HUA~1.DEL\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_cache_398538 -prefs=build.warn_data_percentage=75 -prefs=runtime.tools.avrdude.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -prefs=runtime.tools.avrdude-6.3.0-arduino17.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -prefs=runtime.tools.avr-gcc.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -prefs=runtime.tools.avr-gcc-7.3.0-atmel3.6.1-arduino7.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -prefs=runtime.tools.arduinoOTA.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -prefs=runtime.tools.arduinoOTA-1.3.0.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -verbose E:\ENGINEERING\DIY\Electronic\meter\Arduino Multimeter\00_MAIN\MEGA2560.MAIN\MEGA2560.MAIN.ino

Using board 'mega' from platform in folder: C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr

Using core 'arduino' from platform in folder: C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr

Detecting libraries used...

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -flto -w -x c++ -E -CC -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\sketch\\MEGA2560.MAIN.ino.cpp" -o nul -DARDUINO_LIB_DISCOVERY_PHASE

Alternatives for LiquidCrystal.h: [LiquidCrystal-1.0.7@1.0.7]

ResolveLibrary(LiquidCrystal.h)

  -> candidates: [LiquidCrystal-1.0.7@1.0.7]

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -flto -w -x c++ -E -CC -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "-IC:\\Users\\HUA.DELLV-PC\\Documents\\Arduino\\libraries\\LiquidCrystal-1.0.7\\src" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\sketch\\MEGA2560.MAIN.ino.cpp" -o nul -DARDUINO_LIB_DISCOVERY_PHASE

Using cached library dependencies for file: C:\Users\HUA.DELLV-PC\Documents\Arduino\libraries\LiquidCrystal-1.0.7\src\LiquidCrystal.cpp

Generating function prototypes...

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -flto -w -x c++ -E -CC -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "-IC:\\Users\\HUA.DELLV-PC\\Documents\\Arduino\\libraries\\LiquidCrystal-1.0.7\\src" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\sketch\\MEGA2560.MAIN.ino.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\preproc\\ctags_target_for_gcc_minus_e.cpp" -DARDUINO_LIB_DISCOVERY_PHASE

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\tools-builder\\ctags\\5.8-arduino11/ctags" -u --language-force=c++ -f - --c++-kinds=svpf --fields=KSTtzns --line-directives "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\preproc\\ctags_target_for_gcc_minus_e.cpp"

Compiling sketch...

"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\tools\\avr/bin/avr-g++" -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -fpermissive -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -Wno-error=narrowing -MMD -flto -mmcu=atmega2560 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_AVR_MEGA2560 -DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\cores\\arduino" "-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\hardware\\arduino\\avr\\variants\\mega" "-IC:\\Users\\HUA.DELLV-PC\\Documents\\Arduino\\libraries\\LiquidCrystal-1.0.7\\src" "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\sketch\\MEGA2560.MAIN.ino.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\HUA~1.DEL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_751777\\sketch\\MEGA2560.MAIN.ino.cpp.o"

In file included from C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr\cores\arduino/Arduino.h:30:0,

                 from C:\Users\HUA~1.DEL\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_751777\sketch\MEGA2560.MAIN.ino.cpp:1:

ACDC.h:63:1: error: expected unqualified-id before string constant

 ISR (ANALOG_COMP_vect)

 ^

In file included from E:\ENGINEERING\DIY\Electronic\meter\Arduino Multimeter\00_MAIN\MEGA2560.MAIN\MEGA2560.MAIN.ino:46:0:

C:\Users\HUA~1.DEL\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_751777\sketch\ACDC.h: In member function 'void ACDCMeter::ACDCLoop()':

ACDC.h:160:3: error: 'lcd' was not declared in this scope

   lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

   ^~~

Using library LiquidCrystal-1.0.7 at version 1.0.7 in folder: C:\Users\HUA.DELLV-PC\Documents\Arduino\libraries\LiquidCrystal-1.0.7 

exit status 1

expected unqualified-id before string constant

PieterP · July 8, 2021, 11:45pm

Why?

Does this really belong inside of the ACDCMeter class?

Never use preprocessor macros for constants like that, the preprocessor doesn't follow any scope rules. Use constexpr static uint8_t CH0 = 2; instead (or without the static if it's outside of a class).

~~My guess is that you forgot to #include <avr/interrupt.h> in ACDC.h.~~

Edit: Don't define interrupt service routines inside of classes, they are free functions.
Upon further inspection, this applies to most of your functions: why are they member functions of a class if you can only have a single instance? Why not just use free functions?

shanren · July 9, 2021, 12:01am

Thank you.
I'll check the all sketch.
BTW. the ACDC compiling well in a independent sketch.
and also should I put the ISR at main code? or what other function can replaced it here?

system · November 6, 2021, 12:01am

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