Help on my Electronic Project Deployment

Hey,
Sorry, I thought they were two different topics altogether.

The first topic (which is this one) is more of how to power and control my relay with the Arduino-powered board which I think was solved already from the answers in this post. I am just testing the answer that I got here before I closed this one.

The other topics that were merged here were oriented toward how to compute and design the wiring of the relay load so I created a new topic since I find it hard to find a post that would answer my question.

It's okay for me though if this is merged here.

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Set your bench power supply to the required 12V, or use a cheap 12V supply from mains. Why a precious bench PSU for such a simple job?

The PSU current has already been discussed. It sould support the maximum number of concurrently active solenoids, i.e. 16x100mA = 1.6A if all can be active at the same time.
EDIT: should read 16x500mA = 8A

A step down converter can be used to bring the 12V down to the supply voltage of your controller.

I'm missing the PSU for the relay module. Is it 5V or 12V?
MOSFET switches will not require additional power and are much smaller.

1N4001 will be sufficient as well. These diodes should withstand the voltage of the power supply (12V) and the rated current of the solenoids (100mA). More is not required but does not harm much.
EDIT: should read 500mA

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Shouldn't that be: 16*500 = 8A
The LM2596 with only 2A max is insufficient for this task as it will struggle to with just 4 solenoids at a time.

Agreed, I would get a cheap dedicated 12v 10A power supply.
such as:
https://www.amazon.com/Padarsey-Switch-Supply-Transformer-Security/dp/B01JSC7E7M/ref=sr_1_2_sspa?keywords=12v+10a+power+supply&qid=1680953593&sr=8-2-spons&psc=1&smid=A3JZY4ZDSFJG99&spLa=ZW5jcnlwdGVkUXVhbGlmaWVyPUEzSDk4NE9WR045M1JDJmVuY3J5cHRlZElkPUEwNzAwNjUyMVVITkw3VVQwM1BRTiZlbmNyeXB0ZWRBZElkPUEwMTg2ODg1S1VVTTRZV0NRQ0ZNJndpZGdldE5hbWU9c3BfYXRmJmFjdGlvbj1jbGlja1JlZGlyZWN0JmRvTm90TG9nQ2xpY2s9dHJ1ZQ==

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Ok, thanks for the help everyone and for the valuable tips.
Very much appreciated for newbies like me.

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