Specifically the gamepad example:
#include "Adafruit_TinyUSB.h"
/* This sketch demonstrates USB HID gamepad use.
* This sketch is only valid on boards which have native USB support
* and compatibility with Adafruit TinyUSB library.
* For example SAMD21, SAMD51, nRF52840.
*
* Make sure you select the TinyUSB USB stack if you have a SAMD board.
* You can test the gamepad on a Windows system by pressing WIN+R, writing Joy.cpl and pressing Enter.
*/
// HID report descriptor using TinyUSB's template
// Single Report (no ID) descriptor
uint8_t const desc_hid_report[] =
{
TUD_HID_REPORT_DESC_GAMEPAD()
};
// USB HID object. For ESP32 these values cannot be changed after this declaration
// desc report, desc len, protocol, interval, use out endpoint
Adafruit_USBD_HID usb_hid(desc_hid_report, sizeof(desc_hid_report), HID_ITF_PROTOCOL_NONE, 2, false);
// Report payload defined in src/class/hid/hid.h
// - For Gamepad Button Bit Mask see hid_gamepad_button_bm_t
// - For Gamepad Hat Bit Mask see hid_gamepad_hat_t
hid_gamepad_report_t gp;
void setup()
{
#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MBED) && defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_RP2040)
// Manual begin() is required on core without built-in support for TinyUSB such as mbed rp2040
TinyUSB_Device_Init(0);
#endif
Serial.begin(115200);
// Notes: following commented-out functions has no affect on ESP32
// usb_hid.setPollInterval(2);
// usb_hid.setReportDescriptor(desc_hid_report, sizeof(desc_hid_report));
usb_hid.begin();
// wait until device mounted
while( !TinyUSBDevice.mounted() ) delay(1);
Serial.println("Adafruit TinyUSB HID Gamepad example");
}
void loop()
{
// // Remote wakeup
// if ( TinyUSBDevice.suspended() && btn )
// {
// // Wake up host if we are in suspend mode
// // and REMOTE_WAKEUP feature is enabled by host
// TinyUSBDevice.remoteWakeup();
// }
if ( !usb_hid.ready() ) return;
// Reset buttons
Serial.println("No pressing buttons");
gp.x = 0;
gp.y = 0;
gp.z = 0;
gp.rz = 0;
gp.rx = 0;
gp.ry = 0;
gp.hat = 0;
gp.buttons = 0;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Hat/DPAD UP
Serial.println("Hat/DPAD UP");
gp.hat = 1; // GAMEPAD_HAT_UP;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Hat/DPAD UP RIGHT
Serial.println("Hat/DPAD UP RIGHT");
gp.hat = 2; // GAMEPAD_HAT_UP_RIGHT;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Hat/DPAD RIGHT
Serial.println("Hat/DPAD RIGHT");
gp.hat = 3; // GAMEPAD_HAT_RIGHT;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Hat/DPAD DOWN RIGHT
Serial.println("Hat/DPAD DOWN RIGHT");
gp.hat = 4; // GAMEPAD_HAT_DOWN_RIGHT;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Hat/DPAD DOWN
Serial.println("Hat/DPAD DOWN");
gp.hat = 5; // GAMEPAD_HAT_DOWN;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Hat/DPAD DOWN LEFT
Serial.println("Hat/DPAD DOWN LEFT");
gp.hat = 6; // GAMEPAD_HAT_DOWN_LEFT;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Hat/DPAD LEFT
Serial.println("Hat/DPAD LEFT");
gp.hat = 7; // GAMEPAD_HAT_LEFT;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Hat/DPAD UP LEFT
Serial.println("Hat/DPAD UP LEFT");
gp.hat = 8; // GAMEPAD_HAT_UP_LEFT;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Hat/DPAD CENTER
Serial.println("Hat/DPAD CENTER");
gp.hat = 0; // GAMEPAD_HAT_CENTERED;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Joystick 1 UP
Serial.println("Joystick 1 UP");
gp.x = 0;
gp.y = -127;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Joystick 1 DOWN
Serial.println("Joystick 1 DOWN");
gp.x = 0;
gp.y = 127;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Joystick 1 RIGHT
Serial.println("Joystick 1 RIGHT");
gp.x = 127;
gp.y = 0;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Joystick 1 LEFT
Serial.println("Joystick 1 LEFT");
gp.x = -127;
gp.y = 0;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Joystick 1 CENTER
Serial.println("Joystick 1 CENTER");
gp.x = 0;
gp.y = 0;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Joystick 2 UP
Serial.println("Joystick 2 UP");
gp.z = 0;
gp.rz = 127;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Joystick 2 DOWN
Serial.println("Joystick 2 DOWN");
gp.z = 0;
gp.rz = -127;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Joystick 2 RIGHT
Serial.println("Joystick 2 RIGHT");
gp.z = 127;
gp.rz = 0;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Joystick 2 LEFT
Serial.println("Joystick 2 LEFT");
gp.z = -127;
gp.rz = 0;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Joystick 2 CENTER
Serial.println("Joystick 2 CENTER");
gp.z = 0;
gp.rz = 0;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Analog Trigger 1 UP
Serial.println("Analog Trigger 1 UP");
gp.rx = 127;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Analog Trigger 1 DOWN
Serial.println("Analog Trigger 1 DOWN");
gp.rx = -127;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Analog Trigger 1 CENTER
Serial.println("Analog Trigger 1 CENTER");
gp.rx = 0;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Analog Trigger 2 UP
Serial.println("Analog Trigger 2 UP");
gp.ry = 127;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Analog Trigger 2 DOWN
Serial.println("Analog Trigger 2 DOWN");
gp.ry = -127;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Analog Trigger 2 CENTER
Serial.println("Analog Trigger 2 CENTER");
gp.ry = 0;
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// Test buttons (up to 32 buttons)
for (int i=0; i<32; ++i)
{
Serial.print("Pressing button "); Serial.println(i);
gp.buttons = (1U << i);
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(1000);
}
// Random touch
Serial.println("Random touch");
gp.x = random(-127, 128);
gp.y = random(-127, 128);
gp.z = random(-127, 128);
gp.rz = random(-127, 128);
gp.rx = random(-127, 128);
gp.ry = random(-127, 128);
gp.hat = random(0, 9);
gp.buttons = random(0, 0xffff);
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(2000);
// */
}
and more specifically, how buttons presses are sent:
// Test buttons (up to 32 buttons)
for (int i=0; i<32; ++i)
{
Serial.print("Pressing button "); Serial.println(i);
gp.buttons = (1U << i);
usb_hid.sendReport(0, &gp, sizeof(gp));
delay(1000);
}
Maybe im just dense and/or lacking vital foundational programming knowledge, but i find this example especially confusing and unnecessarily complicated.
I sorta understand all the functions/elements individually but putting them together and/or adapting them into something useful seem to be beyond my current level of comprehension. From what i can tell, this demo appears to just press a button( i= 0-31) and and keeps it "pressed" while subsequent buttons are pressed (and held.) Everything gets reset (buttons released) when the loop restarts, and everything (gp.buttons ) gets reset to 0 . To me, it is very unclear how to release a single button (while keeping track of other buttons being held.
What would be the simplest way (with the least amount of variables and bit manipulations) to call a single button press (button 1, for example) and then, later, release that same button?
thanks in advance
