Great news!
These messages are normal and expected. You can safely ignore them.
It may be necessary to adjust the "sck period" used by the programmer according to the clock speed of the target microcontroller. If the target is running at a very slow clock speed, and the programmer is using a low period, then this can cause the programming to fail. For this reason, the AVRDUDE tool has the ability to send commands to the USBasp to tell it to use a specific period.
This message is the AVRDUDE tool telling you that it did not receive the expected response from the USBasp when it sent a command to configure the "sck period".
One possible cause of that is the USBasp using an outdated version of the official firmware, from before support for adjusting the period via commands was implemented.
However, there is a much more common cause. The cheap Chinese USBasp clones use a proprietary firmware that automatically adjusts the period as needed. In this respect, that proprietary firmware is actually superior to the official firmware. It is a common trap for USBasp users to go through the complex process of "upgrading" their firmware after seeing this message, only to find that they actually made their programmer worse by doing that! And you can't even go back to how it was after that because the Chinese firmware is not available (though there are even better open source community firmwares).
But as long as the upload is successful, you don't need to worry about which firmware your programmer has. This would only be worth thinking about it the upload failed.
It is possible to upload data to the EEPROM memory of the microcontroller in addition to the program data you are writing to the flash memory. This message is simply telling you that you are not uploading any data to the EEPROM.
In general, we use the sketch program to write data to the EEPROM memory (MegaCore includes an "EEPROM" library that makes this easy to do). Uploading data directly to the EEPROM is something that would only be useful in certain specific applications, more common in bulk production of products than in experimentation, prototyping, and one-off projects.
If you do find the need to write data directly to the EEPROM via the USBasp, you can request assistance from the forum helpers with doing that, but otherwise just ignore the message.