It's 18ºF here and a Raspberry Pi Zero W I have outside hosting a HomeBridge camera is currently running at a toasty CPU temperature of 64ºF. I can't read the camera temp but it's mounted on top of the Pi PCB so it is getting some heat from that. All mounted inside the official Raspberry Pi Zero case.
That system has been up through a couple of winters and has kind of surprised me that it hasn't experienced any problems.
For most electronics 18°F is not very cold. Normal industrial parts are typically rated at -25°C. Chemical things like batteries are effected more by temperature with different chemistry effected differently.
MY outside gizmo is the spinning head of the anemometer. Apparently we had freezing fog last night and everything is covered with a lace of ice crystals. No wind blowing. If we get any wind, the ice will break and let the thing spin, again.
It is -4 degrees here right now, I am running a wemos d1 mini outside with an sht31 sensor. Has worked well in the cold for over 2 years now, charging the battery every 5 months. it has been through some rough winters, everything from snow, ice to -22 degrees in it's use.
I use to have an attiny85/rfm12b and a dht22 sensor, that also worked well during the coldest of winter months.