I would like to look at the source code - preferably in C/C++ - for some built in functions,
as well as the general register initialization and set-up for the Arduino environment,
in order to see the implementation details.
All the Arduino source files are in the distrubution you installed. Built in shown below, supplied libraries in a different folder. You just need to look around.
C:\Documents and Settings\Primary Windows User\My Documents\My Programs\Arduino\arduino-0022\hardware\arduino\cores\arduino