You said RGB, but the functions you describe are only dimming and pulsing. How would colour be selected or controlled?
The most easy type of RGB LED for this project would probably be a ws2812 strip. You will need an external 5V power supply with sufficient current for your strip (around 50~60mA for each led on the strip). This power supply can also power the Arduino. I would recommend a Nano 3 as your first Arduino. You can use a potentiometer to control the brightness and you will need a sound sensor module for the party mode. This sounds sensor should not be a simple microphone, but a type of sound sensor called an "envelope follower" or a sound level or sound volume sensor. Some of these have only a digital output. For flexibility I would recommend a model which has an analog output.