How to send .txt file from Arduino Uno SD Card to phone via HC05?

The DumpFile example included in the IDE should be all you need. You just need it to wait for an input from the receiving device, usually the filename. Any device will do, although there is one Bluetooth terminal I know of that does not record a datastream. I think it's called Bluetooth Terminal for Android. You can download several different files in one session as they are identified by your triggering command.