Kick off information for a newbie

Since I m new I don t have the knowledge of the implication of such a choice.
I just need to know witch of the five has a change in state a certain time.
what solution is the most easy will be OK.
to have all sensor on a single file with time stamp and the state of each sensor in CSV would be fine.
One more requirement, the change of state can last only few seconds, would a such system would be ok to capture this or if check interval is too long it will miss it?