I plan on using a resistor to lower the 9 volt to 5 volt.
How long will a 9 volt battery last with one powering a Nano and another one for one SG90 servo?
If we're talking about the typical 9V battery used in smoke alarms and formerly in transistor radios, the one on the servo won't last long. The one on the Nano might last a day.
And could you give us more details about "using a resistor to lower the 9 volt to 5 volt"?
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Please show us the circuit you will be using to do this!
This is a very bad idea, because the voltage you get out will be proportional to the current draw.
A rule of thumb is that you need ten times current down the resistors to reduce this effect. It will very quickly drain any battery.
The maths of this is shown in this diagram.
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Take a look at Buck, Boost, and SEPIC converters for your power requirements. Alternatively, you might consider a linear regulator like the 7805 or similar options.
Using a 9V battery is not ideal; it might only last a few minutes before needing replacement, making it impractical. Instead, consider using a wall adapter ("wall wart") if possible for a more reliable and consistent power supply.
While a resistor divider could technically work, it's highly risky and might result in frying your Arduino. It's generally better to use a proper voltage regulator to ensure safety and stability.
Thanks for the input, everyone. Sounds like this will not work. I have a project I need to power for 12 hours a day for three days and do not have access to an outlet so it needs to run on battery power. I'm open to ideas. Would six AA batteries, 3 for the Arduino and 3 for the servo work better? Would a quality portable phone charger be more ideal?
Power bank? In your case probably yes.
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