I'm suggesting reading the already raised issue and pondering the information to be found there. it shows how awkward it currently is to use anything other than SPI, and notes that other libraries (and platforms) have implemented workarounds/solutions. Perhaps you could implement one of them yourself.
Edit: upon reflection, if it were me, assuming that my chosen core was using the SPI object and not some harebrained software or register level solution, I'd simply add --build-property "build.extra_flags=-DSDCARD_SPI=SPI1" to my arduino-cli command line and call it a day.