Hi Gang,
Any reason to expect this design, which intends to replace Sparkfun's PIC with a '328P instead, will not work?
Not shown is AC power box, relay will interrupt the "hot line".
Had some extra pins, used them to control all 8 data bits in a common 16x2 LCD display vs just controlling 4.
Power from 5V wallwart.
ICSP for bootloading and or program loading.
CP2102 for outputting data to PC during debugging. Maybe for data logging.
Thanks
I think it looks good but you may want to have some additional LED's on the front panel, like one that goes on when the relay for the heater is turned on. I built a large oven for baking guns and I wired in a 110V pilot light to show when it was heating maybe another one showing the temp is when a threshold of the programmed temp, ect.
wade
Thanks, I'v made a note to add 2 more LEDs.
One will go on when transistor is driven to turn on the relay.
One will go on when ...
And the Status LED will go on when ...
I would recommend an interlock circuit of some variety. Something available to monitor the stupid things people do, that could cause harm. I assume the digitals are assigned to UP/DOWN/SELECT and RESET. I see A4 available, but I sense that you have a future capability on that one. Is there a way to multiplex momentary buttons onto one digital?
Other than that, it looks great!
Right now, A4 was just assigned to drive another LED for status. I'll connect an LED to A3 that will go on when the relay is driven.
Tho it dawns on me - I'll have an LCD display - maybe have the Status LED blink as an attention getter to indicate one should go read the screen.
Then I can have A4 back again.
What would the interlock do, and/or connect to, to do somethig that the software wouldn't do already as part of controlling the relay, and turning off the relay if the temperature got too hot?
Here we go, all nice & eagle'ized.
Just need to find a nice AC relay, pick a transistor for it, and find the symbols for AC power cord & socket.
Coding - got no time for that! This was mostly all done in another design already, really just added the AD595 and the LCD.
What would the interlock do, and/or connect to, to do somethig that the software wouldn't do already as part of controlling the relay, and turning off the relay if the temperature got too hot?
I would assume the interlock would be to determine if oven door is open/closed so you don't turn on the heater if door is open.
You could reclaim 4 pins back (if needed) by using 4 bit data bus to LCD instead of 8 bit.
Door open test - that could be pain to rig up a switch for that. Maybe just have the user acknowledge the door is closed via the LDC/buttons before starting a cycle up.
Maybe have "open door now" message for cooling at the end, and "safe to remove" once internal temp has cooled enough.
We manually soldered a board up last week. First we checked out the oven: Thermocouple in old (ancient) 4 element toaster over, fork holding it in place, feeding a multimeter.
Turned it on full, watched how long to get to ~180C for pre-soak, turning down the heat until we heard bi-metallic switch close, then cranking it back full on to get to ~230 for solder reflow phase, turned it down when it got near 240, watched for a minute, then dialed it off again. When the temp got down to 180 again we opened the door to let it cool faster.
Seeing that we had a process that seemed to work, we loaded up a board and tried it. Seemed to go okay - I have a working board, and we're going to try some more as soon as regulators are delivered (right package, wrong pinout). Not sure I'll have the controller built up (wirewrap for a test) or coded first, so the next set of boards will likely be manually processed as well.
CrossRoads:
Door open test - that could be pain to rig up a switch for that.
For just detection (as opposed to having a physical locking system), where's the potential pain in using a reed switch? Depending upon the exact model of counter-top oven you plan on using, there might even be one already in place to control an interior light or some such.
The toaster I'm using now has no lights. The thing is ancient.
You think like maybe put magnet on the door handle, with reed swithc nearby, 2 wires back to the controller? That could be doable.
I was going thru the AD595 datasheet, Table I on page 3 for the AD595 Output mV, thinking about how to get a temperature reading, interpolatng the data opr something.
Put the data for the range of interest, 0C to 300C, in excel.
Made a column to reflect internal ADC reading for the mV readings - and notived that the ADC reading were just about 2X the actual mV.
Plotted that out, tweaked it a little at the end, and got these results.
So could my conversion that I want to display & use for control decisions with be as simple as this?
AD595output = analogRead (temperaturePin);
if (AD595output<160)
{temperature = AD595output>>1; // divide by 2
else
{temperature = (AD595output>>1)-5}; // divide by 2, subtract 5
with the areas of greatest interest being:
preheat/soak at 150C to 180C,
reflow from 210C to 225C,
not to exceed of 255C.
temps from Kester Easy Profile 256 datasheet
ADC-temp-conversion.pdf (109 KB)
EP256_Global_(21Sep09)[1].pdf (51.4 KB)
AD594_595.pdf (137 KB)
CrossRoads:
You think like maybe put magnet on the door handle, with reed swithc nearby, 2 wires back to the controller? That could be doable.
Yeah, you've got the idea. Although it really doesn't matter if the reed switch or the magnet is the part that moves with the door, as long as the magnet is close enough to engage the switch when the oven door is shut. I'd just go with whatever configuration that is easiest to implement.
How's this look for control code so far?
/* Code for thermal controller
Turn on relay to turn on heat element, off for off.
> LED on relay shows relay commanded state and that transistor is working
AD595 with Type K thermocouple
LCD screen for visual feedback. (not added yet)
LED on D13 for status, attention getter? "Go read the screen"
3 buttons for user input - only Start implemented so far
CP2102 module to Rx/Tx for code download, or feedback to PC for future datalogging
*/
// define IO used
byte button0 = 2; // low = on Start/Select
byte button1 = 3; // low = on Temp Up
byte button2 = 4; // low = on Temp Down
byte LCDpins[8] = {
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}; // array of data pins, 5 = LSB, 12 = MSB
byte statusLED = 13; // high = on
byte LCD_E = 14;
byte LCD_RW = 15;
byte LCD_RS = 16;
byte relay = 17; // high = on
byte free18 = 18;
byte temperaturePin = A5; // AD595 output
// define variables
int AD595output; // mV, from 0.003 to 3.022
// resulting ADC reading are from 1 to 618
// correlation: ADCreading/2 = tempC below readings <160
// correlation: (ADCreading/2)-5 =tempC for reading >=160
// define the the stages to go thru:
int temperature;
byte thermalStage = 0; // state machine variables
byte ovenoff = 0;
byte preheatRamp = 1;
byte preheat = 2;
byte preflowRamp=3;
byte reflow=4;
byte cooldown = 5;
byte running = 0;
// time variables
unsigned long preheatRampStartTime; // display times, not added yet
unsigned long lastTempTime;
unsigned long preheatStartTime;
unsigned long preheatDuration = 60000; // make longer, up to 120 seconds
unsigned long reflowStartTime;
unsigned long reflowDuration = 30000;
void setup(){
pinMode (button0, INPUT); // input with internal pullup enabled
digitalWrite (button0, HIGH);
pinMode (button1, INPUT); // input with internal pullup enabled
digitalWrite (button1, HIGH);
pinMode (button2, INPUT); // input with internal pullup enabled
digitalWrite (button2, HIGH);
for (byte x = 0; x<8; x=x+1){
pinMode (LCDpins[x], OUTPUT); // LCD data pins as outputs
}
pinMode (statusLED, OUTPUT);
pinMode (LCD_E, OUTPUT); // set hi or low to start?
pinMode (LCD_RW, OUTPUT); // set hi or low to start?
pinMode (LCD_RS, OUTPUT); // set hi or low to start?
pinMode (relay, OUTPUT); // leave low to start
pinMode (free18, INPUT); // input with pullup for now - turn into door open test?
digitalWrite (free18, HIGH);
Serial.begin(9600); // serial output for debugging
AD595output = analogRead (temperaturePin);
if (AD595output<160){
temperature = AD595output>>1; // divide by 2
}
else {
temperature = (AD595output>>1)-5; // divide by 2, subtract 5
}
Serial.print ("Start Temperature = ");
Serial.println (temperature);
} // end setup
void loop(){
/* start with running predetermined profile
Go from Room Temp to Preheat, 150-180C
Hold Preheat for 30-60 seconds
Go to Liquid/Flow temperature, 210-225C.. DO NOT EXCEED 255
Hold Liquid/Flow temperature 30 seconds
Ramp down
*/
// not running, not started, show ambient temp
if (running == 0 && digitalRead (button0 == 1)){
AD595output = analogRead (temperaturePin);
if (AD595output<160){
temperature = AD595output>>1;
} // divide by 2
else {
temperature = (AD595output>>1)-5;
} // divide by 2, subtract 5
if ( (millis() - lastTempTime) >=500){
lastTempTime = millis();
Serial.print ("static temperature = ");
Serial.print (temperature);
}
}
// startup if Not running & Start button is pushed
if (running == 0 && digitalRead(button0) == 0){
preheatRampStartTime = preheatRampStartTime + 500;
thermalStage = preheatRamp;
running = 1;
digitalWrite (statusLED, HIGH);
Serial.println ("preheat Ramp starting ");
}
if (running == 1){
// record the temperature
AD595output = analogRead (temperaturePin);
if (AD595output<160){
temperature = AD595output>>1;
} // divide by 2
else {
temperature = (AD595output>>1)-5;
} // divide by 2, subtract 5
if ( (millis() - lastTempTime) >=500){
lastTempTime = lastTempTime+500;
Serial.print ("loop temperature = ");
Serial.print (temperature);
}
}
// ********************************
switch(thermalStage){
/*
thermalStage's:
ovenoff = 0;
preheatRamp = 1;
preheat = 2;
preflowRamp=3;
reflow=4;
cooldown = 5;
*/
case 0: //ovenoff:
digitalWrite (relay, 0);
break;
// ********************************
case 1: // preheatRamp:
if (temperature <=145){
// keep ramping up
digitalWrite (relay, 1);
}
if (temperature >145 && temperature <170){
preheatStartTime = millis();
preheatRampStartTime = preheatStartTime;
Serial.println("preheat starting ");
thermalStage = preheat;
digitalWrite (relay, 0); // let next stage turn on if needed
break;
// ********************************
case 2: // preheat:
if (millis() - preheatStartTime <=preheatDuration){
if (temperature <170){
digitalWrite (relay, 1);
}
else {
digitalWrite (relay, 0);
}
}
else {
thermalStage = preflowRamp;
digitalWrite (relay, 1); // ramping up!
Serial.println("preflow rampup starting ");
}
break;
// ********************************
case 3: // preflowRamp:
if (temperature <=200){
// keep ramping up
digitalWrite (relay, 1); // ramping up!
}
if (temperature >200 && temperature <220){
reflowStartTime = millis();
thermalStage = reflow;
digitalWrite (relay, 0); // let next stage turn on if needed
Serial.println("Reflow starting ");
}
break;
// ********************************
case 4: // reflow:
if (millis() - reflowStartTime <=reflowDuration){
if (temperature <220){
digitalWrite (relay, 1);
}
else {
digitalWrite (relay, 0);
}
}
else {
thermalStage = cooldown;
digitalWrite (relay, 0); // cooling down!
Serial.println("cooldown starting ");
}
break;
// ********************************
case 5: // cooldown:
digitalWrite (relay, 0);
if (temperature <180){
Serial.println ("Safe to open door - Caution! HOT!");
thermalStage = ovenoff;
running = 0;
digitalWrite (statusLED, LOW);
}
break;
} // end switch thermalstage
} // end if running
} // end void loop
PID Code I am using based on the work from Rocket Scream, plus some other info on the controller I'm working with.
Thanks. I like the check for a missing thermocouple.
it's a while since you posted
how did the oven project go?
I noticed that the code seemed ramp up at whatever speed the oven would go
rather than attempting any sort of temperature profile
does that work ok?
I'm looking at building something similar
hence my interest
I also noticed that the AD595 suggests a couple of capacitors on the compensation pin
does yours work ok without?
cheers
Mike
I have all the parts, just need a ton more hours in a week to get it assembled.
I've done reflow with manual control. Crank the knob, back it off when the temp gets close, let it hold for a minute, maybe give it a nudge if it looks like its dropping, crank it up and back it off when it gets close, hold for 30 seconds, then turn it off. Open door once below reflow point. Using a JK thermocouple with a multimeter for monitoring. Whole process takes 5-6 minutes.
So I imagine my code would be similar. My oven is 4-element toaster oven, and the full-on until it gets close and then full off seems to work okay.
Be nice to just fire it up & let it run by itself tho.
CrossRoads:
I have all the parts, just need a ton more hours in a week to get it assembled.
I've done reflow with manual control. Crank the knob, back it off when the temp gets close, let it hold for a minute, maybe give it a nudge if it looks like its dropping, crank it up and back it off when it gets close, hold for 30 seconds, then turn it off. Open door once below reflow point. Using a JK thermocouple with a multimeter for monitoring. Whole process takes 5-6 minutes.
So I imagine my code would be similar. My oven is 4-element toaster oven, and the full-on until it gets close and then full off seems to work okay.Be nice to just fire it up & let it run by itself tho.
thanks for the update
I "borrowed" your code and added simple ramping to control the heat 
oven, thermostat and AD595 somewhere between suppliers and me
hope to have it up and running this week
cheers
Mike
found that an IDE cable makes a dead easy LCD extension cable
so much easier for mounting board and display separately
parts arrived
tried the temp probe and amplifier without the caps
seems to work a treat
I spotted from one of your diagrams that you have to ground one side of the probe
very odd results until I did that
so "ta v much"
cheers
Mike
meant to ask
what temperature probe did you get?
I got one off eBay (I know already)
rated up to 1250 degrees
except the plastic boot melted on the first run
cable melted on the second