If you use wire.begin() without any parameters the wire-library will use those IO-pins that are used as the default for I2C. And these IO-pins are GPIO 4 and 5 which are not accessible on an ESP-01
I did a quoogling with keywords "arduino esp8266 using other io-pins for I2C"
and found this
so user @Deva_Rishi found a tutorial how to use a ESP8266-01 module to use I2C.
To me personal this is too much hassle for using an adapterboard for programming the ESP-01. I prefer using ESP32 nodeMCU-boards with which 8 PWM-channels can be created without any additional chips.
Plug in USB-cable upload code and it is ready to run the 8 PWM-channels
best regards Stefan