Sound sensor database

Don't you just need one reference or one loudness limit?

Assuming you have some kind of sound isolation so one sensor can only 'hear" one fan... There is a circuit called a peak detector that "captures" and holds the peak for a period of time (depending on the R-C time constant). One of those on each analog input will hold the peaks long-enough to read several every time through a loop.

Some sound sensors have this built-in (usually called an "envelope follower" but the built-in one may decay too fast.

Or since I assume the noise is fairly constant, you can probably cycle-through the readings one at a time. But you still need to find the peak or average loudness.

Your sound sensor MIGHT have a digital output so you can set the pot to trigger the output when a certain loudness is exceeded. In that case it can probably drive an LED and you might not even need an Arduino!

...I make sound activated lighting effects and I use a peak detector because it's "easier" than reading a waveform and finding the peaks or the average and it means that I can read the "loudness" about 10 times per second (perfect for my application) instead of reading the waveform thousands of times per second. and it frees-up processor time to run the lights.