That 1-sec delay is at the Master side without which you can't comfortably read message of the Serial Monitor.
That depends on the other device. If you're using a PC, the UART (nowadays it's nearly always virtual) of the PC supports a variety of baudrates. The UART on the Arduino Uno (this is a real hardware UART) that you use also supports a variety of baud rates.
The serial monitor in the Arduino IDE is set to 9600 when you install the IDE but nothing stops you from changing that setting. The only requirement is that the other side (your Arduino Uno in this case) uses the same setting.
Now let's say that you build a product that uses a 328P (the processor on e.g. the Uno) that needs to communicate with a PC. You will decide on the means of communication and which baud rate is suitable depending on a variety of parameters. E.g.
- Your PC doers not support the 5V signals of the product so you need to decide on e.g.
- USB; you can use a serial-to-usb converter like a CH340. But USB is not suitable for long distances.
- Serial using RS232/RS422/RS485.
- For the serial options above, the choice is based on the distance that you can / want to cover and baudrate
- RS232 can basically cover 10 meters, the others up to 1000 meters.
- A lower baud rate allows for a longer distance.
I hope this clarifies that a little.
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Thanks for your reply.
I fulfill my curiosity thanks to you.
In UART communication --
Sender and Receiver are consideredd to be compatiable as long as their Baud Rates are identical. It does not matter if the sender is an Arduino UNO and the Receiver is a PC or a Jetson ESP32 or else. In asynchronous operation, Baud Rate (Bd) refers to data transmission/reception speed in bits/sec.
UART is an asynchronous network which means that there is no timing relationship between the two devices as to which one is sending when and which one is receiving when. They have their own local clock systems which must be the same for both devices.
UART network primarily deals with sending ASCII-coded data bytes for English Language Characters (A-Z, a-z, Punctuation Marks, and special Control Characters not part of English Language); however, binary transmission is also permissible whose use is seldom. The attched files may help you to gather some knowledge on UART, I2C, and SPI communication networks.
Ch-7I2CLec.pdf (334.4 KB)
Ch-8SPILec.pdf (357.5 KB)
Ch-6UARTLecRevised.pdf (384.0 KB)
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