Most stepper motors have four phases, and are either unipolar or bipolar. By the sound of it, if the motor was fitted with an encoder, it may in fact be a brushless DC motor. Those are nearly always three phase, but require three Hall-effect sensors to make the electronic commutation work.
Do you have a part number or data sheet for the motor? We'll need to know voltage and current ratings before we can suggest driver circuits.
If it was I would have expected it to have 6 wires, two for each phase coil. As it is it could be a two phase motor with a common connection. In that case it would require driving voltages that go positive and negative of the common point.
Have you tried measuring the resistance you get between the wires?
Im pretty sure it's 3 phase because i used 3 Fullwave Bridge rectifiers on the wires and used it like a small generator.
now instead of turning motion into electricity, i want it to go the other way
I also have a smaller one with 4 wires, i am interested in using this one as well. Although I do know in theory how they work, I am new to these types of motors and never actually made a useful scenario out of one.
No, i didn't measure the resistance of the coils, iv'e been trying to find something with that part number on it as far as a datasheet or something. ive got nothing so far.
you can feel the steps as you turn the pulley on it.
I own several R/C type DC brushless motors that have a 3 wire windings. You can feel the 'steps' as you slowly turn the prop manually, so that is not an indication that you own a stepper motor. These kind of brushless motors need to be driven by a purpose designed motor controller .
As others have said you very likely have a 3 phase brushless DC motor.
You can easily drive DC stepper motors with Arduino digital outputs and MOSFET switching transistors. However brushless DC motors require a much more sophisticated controller to work. A brushless 3 phase motor is more like a AC motor and requires precise voltage/current control and speed feedback information for all 3 phases to work. Unless you have a matching and compatable controller for that motor you are better off obtaining a stepper motor.