I had the same problem... I've just resolved it so if either of you are still hanging onto those broken handbrakes, this should help.
If not then hopefully this will help someone else.
My PCB is a bit different but it still uses the Atmega32u4 and registered as having an Arduino Micro Bootloader in the control panel.
It also used a 49E hall effect sensor but that shouldn't matter as we're just declaring an analogue input
I literally uploaded the sketch from this tutorial you were looking at HOW TO MAKE A USB ANALOG HANDBRAKE | SIM RACING DIY EBRAKE - YouTube
// Analog eBrake-Handbrake
// PIN A0 to 10k pot output - Throttle Axis
// Use with Arduino ProMicro.
// Tested and working in DiRT RALLY + ASSETTO CORSA
// by AMSTUDIO
// 20.1.2017
#include <Joystick.h>
void setup()
{pinMode(A0, INPUT);
Joystick.begin();}
const int pinToButtonMap = A0;
void loop()
{int pot = analogRead(A0);
int mapped = map(pot,0,1023,0,255);
{Joystick.setThrottle(mapped);}}
I could see the pcb traces to the Atmega32u4 myself and I used this image to find out what pin the Hall Effect sensor was connected to, in my case (A2)
If you can't see the pcb in your case then I'd go with trial and error.
When the code is uploaded and hopefully when the handbrake shows up in the Control Panel as a game controller, you just need to calibrate the throttle axis and then it should work.
Hope this helps, I've literally made this account to post a reply here to say this can be fixed. No idea why it stopped working in the first place but it must be common with the cheap handbrakes.