I have a new arduino and an arduino I've had for years. The computer won't recognize that something was even plugged in, let alone know what it was.
I've tried a dozen different cords on both arduinos. I've tried uninstalling and reinstalling the program. When I plug them in, Device Manager doesn't refresh.
Yes, that way when the PC inits the port the Arduino will be ready and then the port will connect. I put a switch in the RED USB line so I can control who powers what.
The OS can get stupid with virtual ports if there is no device detected at power up and mark that device as offline. When the Arduino comes up the IDE can't see the card because the OS didn't recheck the port. This is why we used to press CTRL-C to force the OS to reread the FAT when changing removable media (which a com device is).
Also, if you wait until the IDE comes up to connect the Arduino, the IDE startup port check misses it too. Having the Arduino up first should mean that everthing, OS & IDE, gets a response when port checking.
Try reselecting the card and CPU type in the IDE and THEN look at the PORT selector option and see if it shows. Changing the device type and then back causes the IDE to ask the OS to rescan for active ports.
My experience is different. I don't have to change boards before a new port shows. The only thing is that one has to close the port menu (or maybe the tools menu) if tools->port does not show the port because the board is not connected. Opening tools->port always refreshes the pirts list.